The Great Sector and Station Debate
Myths vs. Facts in Border Patrol History
In the history of the U.S. Border Patrol, two long-standing claims have continued to be widely believed: that El Paso and Detroit were the first sectors and stations. Examining these claims critically is essential for historical accuracy, even if it challenges well-established narratives within the Border Patrol’s legacy.
The reality is that there were 32 sectors, all referred to as sub-districts at the time, and they were all established simultaneously in 1924. The emphasis on something being "first" taps into a universal human desire for distinction and primacy. It's a badge of honor, a mark of originality, and a symbol of leadership. But in this case, the allure of being "first" has led to a misunderstanding that needs correction.
This page seeks to clarify the historical record by examining the long-held beliefs surrounding El Paso and Detroit’s claims to being the first sectors and stations. In doing so, we will honor the true history of the Border Patrol's creation, recognizing the simultaneous establishment of 32 sectors (sub-districts) in 1924, and pay tribute to the collective efforts that laid the foundation for the Border Patrol we know today.
By setting the record straight, we not only correct a historical inaccuracy but also celebrate a richer, more inclusive narrative that honors all sectors and their unique contributions. Explore the facts, examine the myths, and gain a deeper understanding of the U.S. Border Patrol’s history.
The reality is that there were 32 sectors, all referred to as sub-districts at the time, and they were all established simultaneously in 1924. The emphasis on something being "first" taps into a universal human desire for distinction and primacy. It's a badge of honor, a mark of originality, and a symbol of leadership. But in this case, the allure of being "first" has led to a misunderstanding that needs correction.
This page seeks to clarify the historical record by examining the long-held beliefs surrounding El Paso and Detroit’s claims to being the first sectors and stations. In doing so, we will honor the true history of the Border Patrol's creation, recognizing the simultaneous establishment of 32 sectors (sub-districts) in 1924, and pay tribute to the collective efforts that laid the foundation for the Border Patrol we know today.
By setting the record straight, we not only correct a historical inaccuracy but also celebrate a richer, more inclusive narrative that honors all sectors and their unique contributions. Explore the facts, examine the myths, and gain a deeper understanding of the U.S. Border Patrol’s history.
The Myth of the First Sector
Let's explore the claims and the truth behind the myth of the first sector, a topic that has fueled debates and shaped perceptions within the U.S. Border Patrol.
El Paso's Claim
In the annals of the U.S. Border Patrol, two legends have persisted, captivating the imagination of many: the belief that El Paso and Detroit were the inaugural sectors and stations. The city of El Paso has long been associated with the birthplace of the U.S. Border Patrol, a claim that has been embraced and celebrated by many. This belief was further cemented with the slogan "Where the Legend Began," coined in anticipation of the Border Patrol's 75th anniversary in 1999. The phrase captured the popular notion that El Paso was home to the first sector and the first station. However, it is indeed true that El Paso was the location of the first National Border Patrol Training School, a significant milestone in the Border Patrol's history. This fact became a symbol of El Paso's perceived pioneering role in the Border Patrol's history, a claim that has been passed down through generations.
Detroit's Claim
Detroit, too, has a historical claim to being the first sector, though it has been less prominent than El Paso's. Like El Paso, Detroit was one of the cities containing three tiers of Immigration Service hierarchy, adding to its significance in the early days of the Border Patrol. This unique structure contributed to Detroit's belief in its primacy as the first sector, a claim that has been part of the local lore.
The Truth
The history of the first Border Patrol sectors—referred to as sub-districts at the time—is complex and varies depending on historical sources. Some records, such as the research compiled by retired Deputy Chief Patrol Agent Joe Banco, indicate that 30 sub-districts were established on July 1, 1924. However, other documents suggest that 32 sub-districts were created that same year under the decentralized Immigration Service. The broader immigration enforcement system at the time was organized into 35 districts, many of which contained sub-districts, forming the early structure that evolved into the modern Border Patrol sectors.
This discrepancy in the number of initial sub-districts illustrates the challenges in piecing together the early history of the Border Patrol. It underscores the importance of continued research and exploration to fully understand the organization's inception. By recognizing the creation of 30 to 32 sub-districts (sectors) in 1924, we embrace a more accurate and inclusive understanding of the Border Patrol's history, celebrating the collective efforts of many rather than attributing the foundational role to a single sector.
El Paso's Claim
In the annals of the U.S. Border Patrol, two legends have persisted, captivating the imagination of many: the belief that El Paso and Detroit were the inaugural sectors and stations. The city of El Paso has long been associated with the birthplace of the U.S. Border Patrol, a claim that has been embraced and celebrated by many. This belief was further cemented with the slogan "Where the Legend Began," coined in anticipation of the Border Patrol's 75th anniversary in 1999. The phrase captured the popular notion that El Paso was home to the first sector and the first station. However, it is indeed true that El Paso was the location of the first National Border Patrol Training School, a significant milestone in the Border Patrol's history. This fact became a symbol of El Paso's perceived pioneering role in the Border Patrol's history, a claim that has been passed down through generations.
Detroit's Claim
Detroit, too, has a historical claim to being the first sector, though it has been less prominent than El Paso's. Like El Paso, Detroit was one of the cities containing three tiers of Immigration Service hierarchy, adding to its significance in the early days of the Border Patrol. This unique structure contributed to Detroit's belief in its primacy as the first sector, a claim that has been part of the local lore.
The Truth
The history of the first Border Patrol sectors—referred to as sub-districts at the time—is complex and varies depending on historical sources. Some records, such as the research compiled by retired Deputy Chief Patrol Agent Joe Banco, indicate that 30 sub-districts were established on July 1, 1924. However, other documents suggest that 32 sub-districts were created that same year under the decentralized Immigration Service. The broader immigration enforcement system at the time was organized into 35 districts, many of which contained sub-districts, forming the early structure that evolved into the modern Border Patrol sectors.
This discrepancy in the number of initial sub-districts illustrates the challenges in piecing together the early history of the Border Patrol. It underscores the importance of continued research and exploration to fully understand the organization's inception. By recognizing the creation of 30 to 32 sub-districts (sectors) in 1924, we embrace a more accurate and inclusive understanding of the Border Patrol's history, celebrating the collective efforts of many rather than attributing the foundational role to a single sector.
The Myth of the First Station
Now, let's turn our attention to the myth of the first station, another enduring legend that has shaped the U.S. Border Patrol's historical narrative.
El Paso's Claim
El Paso's claim to being the first station in the U.S. Border Patrol is rooted in a naming convention that led to the designation "Station One." Starting in 1926, with the enactment of General Order 61, sub-districts within each district were numbered consecutively, beginning with #1. If a station was co-located with the sub-district headquarters, it would be designated as "Station #1." In El Paso's case, this administrative practice led to the local station being referred to as "Station One." Over time, the original rationale behind the name was lost, leading to the misconception that El Paso was the first Border Patrol station.
Detroit's Claim
Detroit's claim to being the first station is intertwined with its unique place in USBP history. Like El Paso, Detroit contained three tiers of Immigration Service hierarchy: district headquarters, sub-district headquarters, and a Border Patrol station. This structure, along with the presence of Border Patrol Chiefs in Detroit, added a fourth level of Immigration Service hierarchy, contributing to Detroit's belief in its status as the first station.
In, "HONOR FIRST: The Story of the United States Border Patrol - Volume I," Joe Banco acknowledges the rumor surrounding Detroit's claim, stating, "Officially, the initial Border Patrol Stations in the first 30 Border Patrol Sub-Districts (later to be renamed Sectors) were stood up on the same date, July 1, 1924, but it is rumored that Detroit District Inspector in Charge Ruel Davenport ordered the Detroit Station to be opened and renamed in mid-June 1924, although no records could be found to verify it." This insight adds to the complexity of the historical narrative and illustrates the challenges in verifying some aspects of the early history of the Border Patrol.
The Truth
The truth about the first Border Patrol station is far more complex and inclusive. In 1924, when the U.S. Border Patrol received funding, operations were initiated simultaneously across the nation. There was no single designated first station. Instead, the initial five weeks were focused on hiring new Border Patrol employees and securing small rental spaces as sub-district headquarters, often consisting of rented rooms or houses. These humble beginnings marked the simultaneous establishment of stations across the country, reflecting a collective effort rather than a singular "first" station.
By recognizing the simultaneous establishment of Border Patrol stations in 1924, we provide a more complete understanding of the agency’s early history. This broader perspective acknowledges the collective contributions of many and helps ensure that historical narratives remain accurate and inclusive.
El Paso's Claim
El Paso's claim to being the first station in the U.S. Border Patrol is rooted in a naming convention that led to the designation "Station One." Starting in 1926, with the enactment of General Order 61, sub-districts within each district were numbered consecutively, beginning with #1. If a station was co-located with the sub-district headquarters, it would be designated as "Station #1." In El Paso's case, this administrative practice led to the local station being referred to as "Station One." Over time, the original rationale behind the name was lost, leading to the misconception that El Paso was the first Border Patrol station.
Detroit's Claim
Detroit's claim to being the first station is intertwined with its unique place in USBP history. Like El Paso, Detroit contained three tiers of Immigration Service hierarchy: district headquarters, sub-district headquarters, and a Border Patrol station. This structure, along with the presence of Border Patrol Chiefs in Detroit, added a fourth level of Immigration Service hierarchy, contributing to Detroit's belief in its status as the first station.
In, "HONOR FIRST: The Story of the United States Border Patrol - Volume I," Joe Banco acknowledges the rumor surrounding Detroit's claim, stating, "Officially, the initial Border Patrol Stations in the first 30 Border Patrol Sub-Districts (later to be renamed Sectors) were stood up on the same date, July 1, 1924, but it is rumored that Detroit District Inspector in Charge Ruel Davenport ordered the Detroit Station to be opened and renamed in mid-June 1924, although no records could be found to verify it." This insight adds to the complexity of the historical narrative and illustrates the challenges in verifying some aspects of the early history of the Border Patrol.
The Truth
The truth about the first Border Patrol station is far more complex and inclusive. In 1924, when the U.S. Border Patrol received funding, operations were initiated simultaneously across the nation. There was no single designated first station. Instead, the initial five weeks were focused on hiring new Border Patrol employees and securing small rental spaces as sub-district headquarters, often consisting of rented rooms or houses. These humble beginnings marked the simultaneous establishment of stations across the country, reflecting a collective effort rather than a singular "first" station.
By recognizing the simultaneous establishment of Border Patrol stations in 1924, we provide a more complete understanding of the agency’s early history. This broader perspective acknowledges the collective contributions of many and helps ensure that historical narratives remain accurate and inclusive.
The Significance of El Paso and Detroit
While the myths of being the first sector or station have been debunked, the significance of El Paso and Detroit in the history of the U.S. Border Patrol cannot be overlooked. Let's explore the unique roles and contributions of these two locations.
El Paso's Role
While the claim of being the first sector or station may be a myth, El Paso's significance in the history of the U.S. Border Patrol is undeniable. It was in El Paso that Frank Berkshire drafted his proposals for the formation of the Border Patrol, a foundational effort that laid the groundwork for the organization's creation. Additionally, El Paso was home to the first National Border Patrol Training School, a vital institution that shaped the training and development of Border Patrol agents. The city's contributions extend beyond mere symbolism; they represent tangible efforts that have had a lasting impact on the Border Patrol's mission and values.
Detroit's Role
Detroit's unique position in the early structure of the USBP also warrants recognition. The city was one of the few locations containing three tiers of Immigration Service hierarchy: district headquarters, sub-district headquarters, and a Border Patrol station. The presence of Border Patrol Chiefs in Detroit added a fourth level of Immigration Service hierarchy, reflecting the city's importance in the organizational structure. Detroit's role in the early days of the Border Patrol is a testament to its strategic significance and its contributions to shaping the agency's direction.
Honoring All Sectors
While El Paso and Detroit's contributions are noteworthy, it's essential to stress the importance of recognizing the contributions of all 32 sectors (sub-districts) created in 1924. The simultaneous establishment of these sectors marked a collective effort that laid the foundation for the Border Patrol we know today. Each sector has its unique history, challenges, and achievements, and honoring them all ensures a more accurate and inclusive understanding of the Border Patrol's rich legacy. By acknowledging the significance of both El Paso and Detroit, as well as the collective contributions of all sectors, we embrace a narrative that celebrates the diversity and complexity of the U.S. Border Patrol's history.
El Paso's Role
While the claim of being the first sector or station may be a myth, El Paso's significance in the history of the U.S. Border Patrol is undeniable. It was in El Paso that Frank Berkshire drafted his proposals for the formation of the Border Patrol, a foundational effort that laid the groundwork for the organization's creation. Additionally, El Paso was home to the first National Border Patrol Training School, a vital institution that shaped the training and development of Border Patrol agents. The city's contributions extend beyond mere symbolism; they represent tangible efforts that have had a lasting impact on the Border Patrol's mission and values.
Detroit's Role
Detroit's unique position in the early structure of the USBP also warrants recognition. The city was one of the few locations containing three tiers of Immigration Service hierarchy: district headquarters, sub-district headquarters, and a Border Patrol station. The presence of Border Patrol Chiefs in Detroit added a fourth level of Immigration Service hierarchy, reflecting the city's importance in the organizational structure. Detroit's role in the early days of the Border Patrol is a testament to its strategic significance and its contributions to shaping the agency's direction.
Honoring All Sectors
While El Paso and Detroit's contributions are noteworthy, it's essential to stress the importance of recognizing the contributions of all 32 sectors (sub-districts) created in 1924. The simultaneous establishment of these sectors marked a collective effort that laid the foundation for the Border Patrol we know today. Each sector has its unique history, challenges, and achievements, and honoring them all ensures a more accurate and inclusive understanding of the Border Patrol's rich legacy. By acknowledging the significance of both El Paso and Detroit, as well as the collective contributions of all sectors, we embrace a narrative that celebrates the diversity and complexity of the U.S. Border Patrol's history.
Conclusion
The myths surrounding El Paso and Detroit as the first sectors and stations in the U.S. Border Patrol have become ingrained in the organization's folklore. These legends, while captivating, have overshadowed the true history of the Border Patrol's creation—a history that involves the simultaneous establishment of 32 sectors (sub-districts) in 1924 and the collective efforts of many.
El Paso and Detroit's significant contributions to the Border Patrol are undeniable, from Frank Berkshire's proposals to the unique organizational structure in Detroit. However, the importance of accurate historical understanding cannot be overstated. By examining historical claims and reviewing available records, we recognize not just one or two sectors but all 32, acknowledging their unique roles and achievements.
I encourage readers to explore further, delve into HonorFirst's Historical Documents Library. Additionally, I invite you to explore the HonorFirst History Page and the links it contains, offering a wealth of information on the U.S. Border Patrol's rich legacy:
For those interested in a deeper historical perspective, historian and retired Deputy Chief Patrol Agent Joseph Banco has extensively researched the U.S. Border Patrol’s evolution. His works examine key moments in the agency’s history:
In conclusion, let us honor the legacy of the Border Patrol by acknowledging the truth of its history. By critically examining these historical claims, we gain a more inclusive and accurate understanding of the Border Patrol’s origins, recognizing the many contributions that shaped the organization. It's a history that goes beyond myths and legends, recognizing the real efforts and achievements that have defined the U.S. Border Patrol. By embracing this truth, we not only correct historical inaccuracies but also enrich our understanding and appreciation of the Border Patrol's complex and multifaceted legacy.
El Paso and Detroit's significant contributions to the Border Patrol are undeniable, from Frank Berkshire's proposals to the unique organizational structure in Detroit. However, the importance of accurate historical understanding cannot be overstated. By examining historical claims and reviewing available records, we recognize not just one or two sectors but all 32, acknowledging their unique roles and achievements.
I encourage readers to explore further, delve into HonorFirst's Historical Documents Library. Additionally, I invite you to explore the HonorFirst History Page and the links it contains, offering a wealth of information on the U.S. Border Patrol's rich legacy:
- Which was the first Sector?
- Which was the first USBP Station?
- Why is El Paso Station called Station One?
- Where the Legend Began
For those interested in a deeper historical perspective, historian and retired Deputy Chief Patrol Agent Joseph Banco has extensively researched the U.S. Border Patrol’s evolution. His works examine key moments in the agency’s history:
- HONOR FIRST: The Story of the United States Border Patrol - Volume I: Covers the formation of the U.S. Border Patrol and its first 25 years, detailing the roles of the Mounted Guards, Mounted Inspectors, Mounted Watchmen, and Chinese Inspectors. It includes firsthand accounts from Border Patrol personnel and historical documents.
- HONOR FIRST: The Story of the United States Border Patrol - Volume II: Explores the agency’s role from 1949 to 1974, including the Bracero Program, Cold War-era enforcement, civil rights protective details, and early drug interdiction efforts.
- HONOR FIRST: The Story of the United States Border Patrol - Volume III: Examines developments from 1975 to 1999, including the formation of BORTAC and BORSTAR, mass migration responses, and immigration reform initiatives.
- HONOR FIRST: The Unsung Heroes of Oxford Documents the Border Patrol’s 1962 deployment to the University of Mississippi to enforce federal desegregation orders and its role in the Civil Rights Movement.
In conclusion, let us honor the legacy of the Border Patrol by acknowledging the truth of its history. By critically examining these historical claims, we gain a more inclusive and accurate understanding of the Border Patrol’s origins, recognizing the many contributions that shaped the organization. It's a history that goes beyond myths and legends, recognizing the real efforts and achievements that have defined the U.S. Border Patrol. By embracing this truth, we not only correct historical inaccuracies but also enrich our understanding and appreciation of the Border Patrol's complex and multifaceted legacy.
