October 27 - November 2Welcome to another This Week in USBP History! This week we look back at key events such as the U.S. Border Patrol’s role in providing security for President Johnson during his 1967 meeting with Mexican President Gustavo Diaz-Ordaz, celebrating the completion of the Rio Grande channel. We also explore Operation Pressure, initiated on October 29, 1959, to combat smuggling activities between the U.S. and Cuba. This week, we remember two agents who made the ultimate sacrifice: Patrol Inspector Ross A. Gardner in 1925 and Border Patrol Agent David R. Delaney in 2012. Additionally, we recognize the heroic actions of agents like Tony Miranda, who saved multiple lives from a burning house in 2007, and Jesus E. De La Vega, who rescued a man from a burning vehicle in 1999. Dive into this week’s blog for more on these moments of service, sacrifice, and bravery that continue to shape the legacy of the U.S. Border Patrol. Enjoy and have a great week! Cliff P.S. - As an open and continuous invitation to current and former USBP employees, I am always accepting photos to post in the USBP Photo Galleries and in the Upholding Honor First pages. I sure would appreciate you visiting those pages and sending me anything that you think I could post (just send them to [email protected]). As always, make sure to explore all of the hyperlinks to the documents and pages. Finally, please forward this blog to whomever you think may enjoy it. THIS WEEK'S USBP ANNIVERSARIES AND MILESTONESOctober 27
This October 27, 1936 letter is from a company that manufactured USBP uniforms. The letter is asking clarification concerning the color of the leather for the bill of the USBP's Pershing hat. This question is in response to the USBP's second Uniform Policy, General Order 179 (GO179), where the Sam Brown belt colors were different for the northern border (black) and the southern border (cordovan). On October 27, 1944, a memo was written that provided recommended changes to Forms I-45, I-45A and I-45B. October 28 Line of Duty Death anniversary Ross A. Gardner Date of Birth: July 9, 1900 Entered on Duty: January 2, 1925 Title: Patrol Inspector End of Watch: October 28, 1925 Details: On October 27, 1925, Patrol Inspector Ross A. Gardner was returning from his official station, San Diego, California, to Elsinore, California, where he was temporarily assigned. He was operating a government-owned motorcycle that he had taken to San Diego to be repaired. At Sedoc, California, about three miles east of Elsinore, Inspector Gardner ran into the rear of an automobile that was stalled on the roadway. The stalled vehicle had no lights at the time and, reportedly, headlights on a truck heading in the opposite direction hampered the officer's vision. Patrol Inspector Gardner sustained a fractured skull, fracture of the pelvis, and internal injuries. He was conveyed to Elsinore by a passing motorist but was later transferred to the Naval Hospital in San Diego, California. Death occurred at 4:20 a.m. on October 28, 1925. Gravesite President Johnson would return to El Paso on October 28, 1967, to meet with Mexican President Gustavo Diaz-Ordaz to celebrate the completion of the Rio Grande channel. Both Presidents met in the center of the Santa Fe International Bridge (which was renamed the Paso Del Norte Bridge) and shook hands at the relocated obelisk from the 1964 ceremony. Two additional bridges were also renamed: the Cordova Bridge became the Bridge of Americas and the Stanton Street Bridge became the Good Neighbor (Friendship) Bridge. As part of the ceremony, both Presidents pressed a button initiating a charge detonating an earthen dam that allowed the river to flow on its new course. The U.S. Border Patrol again assisted in providing security for the Presidents and the crowds witnessing the event. Patrol Inspector Jessee Tabor, who would later become Chief of New Orleans Sector, had the following to relate regarding the Patrol’s participation;
October 29 In response, INS Commissioner Joseph M. Swing (1894-1984) designated the Chief Patrol Inspector of the Tampa Sector as the lead coordinator for a task force operation that was designated as Operation Pressure, with the objective “to cope with the illegal entry of Cuban nationals and the illicit traffic of aliens, arms and ammunition between the United States and Cuba.” Forty-eight Patrol Inspectors, eight Border Patrol Pilots, four aircraft, and 27 sedans were immediately moved to Tampa Sector to supplement the forces currently in the Sector. The main contingent of Patrol Inspectors was transported from Brownsville, TX, to Tampa, FL, eighteen hours after the notice went out on October 29, 1959. A week later, Operation Pressure would morph into Operation Skyward after Attorney General William Pierce Rogers (1913-2001) enacted Presidential Directive 3004 and directed the Department of Justice to lead the operations to counter efforts to destabilize the region and put into effect measures to prevent the smuggling of aliens and contraband.
October 30 A memo dated October 30, 1924 illustrates the confusion concerning the authorities of Border Patrol Inspectors (BPI). Concerning BPIs enforcing Prohibition and Customs laws, the United States Attorney writes, "Whether the immigration officer should assist in the enforcement of the other two laws above mentioned, is to my mind, a question of policy to be decided by your chief superior officer." However, with the passage of the Immigration Act of 1925, BPIs were given law enforcement powers (see Sections 235 and 287, (sound familiar?)). Further, with the implementation of General Order 63 on March 29, 1926, the Assistant Secretary of the Department of Labor and the Commissioner-General authorized Immigration and Border Patrol Officers to enforce laws other than immigration laws. In this October 30, 1940 memo, the Chief Patrol Inspector Carson Morrow (1896-1959) of the Tucson Sub-district writes his boss, the District Director of the El Paso District, recommending locations to create Border Patrol "outposts" and includes a diagram of the facilities. October 30, 2014, “U.S. Border Patrol BORTAC and BORSTAR team members assist the Pennsylvania State Police in apprehending fugitive/cop killer Matthew Eric Fein who has been on the run for seven weeks after ambushing two troopers, killing one of them. BORTAC track/trail canines assisted in the manhunt.”
October 31 On October 31, 1940, the Chief Patrol Inspector Earl Fallis (1894-1977) of the Big Bend Sub-district wrote a memo to the El Paso District Director containing his suggestions for outpost stations and their designs. November 1 On November 1, 1930, a gunfight occurred in El Paso between three Border Patrol Inspectors and a person known as "Chato". This document contains a cover memo and a sworn statement of one of the Border Patrol Inspectors. Chato was wounded and is suspected to have died in Mexico due to his wounds.
In 1932, Frank Berkshire (The Father of the Border Patrol) was the Director of the Canadian Border District (which was the northern border Chief of the Border Patrol at the time). On November 1, 1932, Berkshire wrote a memo to the Commissioner-General expressing his approval for a new uniform coat. After Fidel Castro succeeded in taking over the Cuban Government in January 1959, anti-Castro Cubans and, in some cases, U.S. citizens, used Florida airports to carry out hostile activity against Cuba, thereby causing embarrassment to the U.S. November 1, 1959, the U.S. Attorney General was directed to prevent the departure of persons, including by air, from the U.S. to Cuba, who appeared to be departing for the purpose of starting or furthering civil strife in that country. The responsibility for preventing departure of unauthorized flights was assigned to the Border Patrol.
Newton-Azrak Award action anniversary Tony Miranda Border Patrol Agent Tucson Sector On November 1, 2007, in Wellton, AZ, Agent Miranda observed a house almost completely engulfed in flames. Without regard for his personal safety, he entered the structure through the front door and assisted a woman in a wheelchair to safety. He immediately reentered the house, located a double amputee elderly man, and led him to safety. At that point, Agent Miranda was informed that a mother and two children were still in the house. A third time, he entered through the front door only to find that the ceiling was fully engulfed and that fiery debris was falling on him. As he retreated outside, he was told that the room in which the mother and children were believed to be was on the rear, right side of the house. With the help of a neighbor, Agent Miranda dislodged an air-conditioning unit from the wall, creating an entry point into the room. For a fourth time, Agent Miranda entered the house to save people. He found the room to be full of black smoke, with such intense heat that breathing was nearly impossible. Again, he was forced to retreat. Once outside, Agent Miranda instructed the neighbor to use a nearby garden hose and to douse his uniform with water. For a fifth time, Agent Miranda entered the house. He found the room to be engulfed in flame, full of choking smoke and raining debris from the ceiling that was on fire. Over the next week, Agent Miranda would lose his eyelashes, eyebrows and much of his hair. The heat that he experienced inside the house was so intense that it cause the hair to become brittle and to break off. For his conspicuous heroism and extraordinary courage, he was awarded the Commissioner’s Meritorious Service Award for Valor and the Secretary’s Valor Award. Agent Miranda’s actions brought great credit upon himself and the United States Border Patrol. November 1, 2023, “U.S. Border Patrol officially begins transition to new OD Green Rough Duty Uniform. The shade of green is further away from the traditional “forest green” and continues a trend in changes in dress and appearance. All Agents would be required to transition to the new RDU by June 1, 2024.”
November 2 It is believed that by 1936 it was known that portions of the Department of Labor were going to be transferred to the Department of Justice. This memo, written November 2, 1936 by the Deputy Commissioner of the Immigration and Naturalization Service (INS), is his response to the INS losing the Border Patrol, most likely in response one of the proposals to such a transfer.
Newton-Azrak Award action anniversary Jesus E. De La Vega Supervisory Border Patrol Agent El Centro Sector On November 2, 1999 at about 11:20 PM, Supervisory Border Patrol Agent Jesus E. De La Vega was patrolling the border area along Interstate Highway 8 near Seeley, California. As he turned off the highway, he saw a huge white cloud of smoke covering the ramp. Through the smoke, he was able to make out a vehicle that had just crashed, rolled over twice, and come to rest on its side. Flames shot out from the front passenger compartment and from under the hood. Looking for occupants, SBPA De La Vega spied a single male victim, later identified as a Bruce Allen Stanley, who was severely disoriented and desperately attempting to exit the vehicle. Stanley could make no headway, unable as he was to move his right arm, which had been injured when the vehicle rolled over. Agent De La Vega asked Mr. Stanley whether any other occupants were in the vehicle. The victim stated that he was the only one. As the flames became more intense, Agent De La Vega, oblivious to his own safety, attempted to open the door of the vehicle, but was initially beaten back by the smoke and heat. After a few more attempts, Agent De La Vega was finally able to pull open the door, release the man’s seat belt, and drag him to safety away from the vehicle, which by then was entirely engulfed in flames. Agent De La Vega proceeded to administer emergency first aid to Mr. Stanley and make him as comfortable as possible. Next, he radioed for emergency services, and within minutes, units from the California Highway Patrol, Imperial County Fire Department, and Gold Cross Ambulance had responded. They treated Mr. Stanley for the injuries to his shoulder and arm and for smoke inhalation. For his part, Agent De La Vega escaped injury. His selfless and heroic actions saved a life and are a true inspiration. Line of Duty Death anniversary David R. Delaney Date of Birth September 5, 1968 Entered on Duty: December 12, 2002 Title: Border Patrol Agent End of Watch: November 2, 2012 Details: On November 2, 2012, Border Patrol Agent David R. Delaney collapsed and died while patrolling on foot near Big Bend National Park in Texas. Agent Delaney entered on duty as a member of the 536th academy session on December 12, 2002. Following his graduation, he was assigned to the Calexico Station in the El Centro Sector. He then transferred to Houlton and Grand Forks Sectors before settling in at the Big Bend National Park Sub-Station of Alpine Station in the Big Bend Sector in 2011. Agent Delaney is survived by his wife and three children. Gravesite
Comments
October 20 - October 26Welcome to another This Week in USBP History! This week, we look back at October 20, 1910, when Frank Berkshire, later known as the “Father of the Border Patrol,” played a key role in selecting mounted inspectors to strengthen the border. We also take a glimpse at a 1954 photo of a two-mile fence in Nogales, illustrating how border infrastructure has long been part of the mission. This week, we also remember those who made the ultimate sacrifice. On October 20, 1998, Senior Patrol Agents Jesus de la Ossa and Thomas J. Williams tragically lost their lives in a vehicle accident while returning from an instructor’s course. We honor the memory of Mounted Guard Charles Gardiner, killed in the line of duty on October 21, 1922, during an inspection. We also pay tribute to Airplane Pilot Walter S. Panchison, who died in a plane crash on October 23, 1998, and Patrol Inspector Ralph L. Anderson, who lost his life in an accidental shooting on October 25, 1968. Finally, we remember Senior Patrol Agent Catherine M. Hill, who died in a vehicle accident while on patrol on October 25, 2002. Explore this week’s blog to learn more about these stories and the legacy of service and sacrifice that continues to define the U.S. Border Patrol. Enjoy and have a great week! Cliff P.S. - As an open and continuous invitation to current and former USBP employees, I am always accepting photos to post in the USBP Photo Galleries and in the Upholding Honor First pages. I sure would appreciate you visiting those pages and sending me anything that you think I could post (just send them to [email protected]). As always, make sure to explore all of the hyperlinks to the documents and pages. Finally, please forward this blog to whomever you think may enjoy it. THIS WEEK'S USBP ANNIVERSARIES AND MILESTONESOctober 20
On October 20, 1910, the future Chief and Father of the Border Patrol, Supervising Inspector of the Southwest Border Frank Berkshire (1870-1934), wrote a memo to the Commissioner-General concerning the selection and compensation of "mounted inspectors" (which were also known as mounted watchmen and mounted guards). Berkshire would become the 3rd person to have been "Chief of the Border Patrol". Fences are not a new concept on the southwestern border. See this October 20, 1954 photograph of a 2-mile fence in Nogales. On October 20, 1971, the U.S. Border Patrol Academy graduated the 100th Session. With the graduation of the 127 Border Patrol Agent (trainees) of 100th Session, more than 7,000 Border Patrol Inspectors/Agents had completed the Academy since its formal inception in July 1940 with the 1st Session.
Line of Duty Death anniversary Jesus de la Ossa Date of Birth: June 21, 1965 Entered on Duty: November 28, 1993 Title: Senior Patrol Agent End of Watch: October 20, 1998 Details: On Tuesday, October 20, 1998, at 7:00 p.m., Agents Jesus De La Ossa and Thomas J. Williams were traveling to San Diego after successfully completing the Border Patrol Academy Instructor’s Course. They were involved in a head-on collision with another vehicle and lost their lives in the accident, which happened about 15 miles west of Artesia, New Mexico. Agent De La Ossa was born in Nogales, Arizona. Before entering the Border Patrol, Agent De La Ossa served as a military policeman in the U.S. Air Force. He joined the INS as a Border Patrol Agent and was later promoted to Senior Patrol Agent. At the time of his death, his official station was Brown Field, California. He was a graduate of the 264th session of the U.S. Border Patrol Academy in Glynco, Georgia. Gravesite Line of Duty Death anniversary Thomas J. Williams Date of Birth: July 21, 1966 Entered on Duty: May 5, 1994 Title: Senior Patrol Agent End of Watch: October 20, 1998 Details: On Tuesday, October 20, 1998, at 7:00 p.m., Agents Thomas J. Williams and Jesus De La Ossa were traveling to San Diego after successfully completing the Border Patrol Academy Instructor’s Course. They were involved in a head-on collision with another vehicle and lost their lives in the accident, which happened about 15 miles west of Artesia, New Mexico. Agent Williams was born in Hazel Green, Wisconsin. He graduated from Western Illinois University Magna Cum Laude with a degree in criminal justice. He served in the Navy for four years, two of which were served on the submarine USS Henry Clay. He joined the INS as a Border Patrol Agent and was later promoted to Senior Patrol Agent. At the time of his death, his official station was Brown Field, California. He was a graduate of the 266th session of the U.S. Border Patrol Academy in Glynco, Georgia. Gravesite In October 20, 2004, the Border Patrol Basic Academy moved to Artesia, New Mexico, where it remains today. The first class to report to Artesia was session 583. The Academy continued to teach Spanish to all trainee agents until session 715. From that session onward, trainees had the option to test out of the Spanish course, effectively shortening the academy duration to 55 days for those able to pass the Spanish Proficiency Test. Traditionally, agents begin their careers on the southern border. However, in August 2008, session 803 became the first class with trainees reporting to the Northern U.S. Border since 1950. October 21 Line of Duty Death anniversary Charles Gardiner Date of Birth: February 5, 1882 Entered on Duty: August 15, 1918 Title: Mounted Watchman End of Watch: October 21, 1922 Details Mounted Guard Charles Gardiner was shot and killed without warning by the driver of a wagon loaded with smuggled liquor. Gardiner was approaching the vehicle to inspect it when the unprovoked attack occurred. The report indicated that he approached a one-horse wagon containing two Mexicans for the purpose of questioning them as to their immigration status and that they jumped from the wagon, immediately firing upon him from close range. Death Certificate Survivor benefits - As per this document, his wife received $66.67 per month for her and their four children. Then $49.50 for her and one child. Gravesite In late October 1967, 120 Patrol Inspectors were deployed to Washington, DC/Arlington, Virginia, to support the U.S. Marshals in protecting the Pentagon during what became known as the Pentagon Riot of October 21, 1967.The Patrol Inspectors were deputized as U.S. Marshals and helped the other federal agents secure the exterior of the Pentagon from what was supposed to be a peaceful protest of the Vietnam War. All were in plain-clothes and issued white helmets and batons. Batons were the only less-than-lethal tools used to control the violent rioters. No tear gas was used and the Marshals had orders to conceal and not use their firearms.
October 21, 2004, “First consolidated Border Patrol Academy class (583) begins at Federal Law Enforcement Training Center in Artesia, New Mexico. Last classes graduate from Glynco and Charleston earlier in 2004.”
October 22
October 23 On October 23, 1940, a one-page memo was written that provided estimated costs for constructing sub-district headquarters buildings on the northern border at Lynden, WA; Bonners Ferry, ID; Havre, MT; Grand Forks, ND; and Buffalo, N.Y. The efforts of the U.S. Border Patrol were recognized by Attorney General Ramsey Clark (1927-2021) and Defense Secretary Robert McNamara (1916-2009) at a ceremony held at the Department of Justice on October 23, 1967. Deputy Attorney General Warren Christopher (1925-2011), also complimented those deployed with a letter of appreciation which read in part;
Line of Duty Death anniversary Walter S. Panchison Date of Birth: January 15, 1945 Entered on Duty: March 6, 1978 Title: Airplane Pilot End of Watch: October 23, 1998 Details: On Friday October 23, 1998, at 2:00 p.m., Agent Scott Panchison was flying a U.S. Border Patrol plane in response to motion sensors tripped along the United States - Canadian Border near Lynden, Washington. Agent Panchison was working with other agents in the area and was heading back to Bellingham International Airport when his plane crashed into rugged terrain in the Smith Peak area just north of Mount Baker Highway on the west side of Sumas Mountain. Agent Panchison lost his life in the crash. Agent Panchison was born in Pottsville, Pennsylvania, but grew up in Salt Lake City, Utah. He earned a bachelor’s degree from the University of Utah and a master’s degree from Pepperdine University. After graduation, Agent Panchison joined the U.S. Marine Corps, where he spent ten years flying F4 Phantoms, including flights from aircraft carriers in the Vietnam War. He left the Corps to join the U.S. Border Patrol, where he proudly served for 21 years. At the time of his death, he was stationed at the Blaine Sector. He was a graduate of the 119th session of the U.S. Border Patrol Academy in Glynco, Georgia. Gravesite October 24 A cover memo for the Commissioner-General, along with a brief report of a shooting/alcohol seizure incident that occurred on October 24, 1928, were drafted. In this incident, Immigration Border Patrol and a Mounted Customs officer were working together. The following inspectors were involved in the shooting: In 1950, Camp Chigas had served as the location of the Sector HQ, station and the academy for many years. The existing buildings were outdated and inadequate for the Patrol's needs. So, proposals had been presented to create a training facility in El Paso. This October 24, 1950 memo, discussed the status of continuing the construction of the new training location.
Line of Duty Death anniversary Rafael G. Sanchez Entered on Duty: September 16, 2002 Title: Supervisory Border Patrol Agent End of Watch: October 24, 2021 Details: Agent Sanchez entered on duty on September 16, 2002, as part of the 527th Session of the Border Patrol Academy. At the time of his passing, he was assigned to the Hebbronville Station, Laredo Sector, Texas. The circumstances of his passing were reviewed by an executive panel and the CBP Commissioner who determined that this death occurred in the line of duty. He is survived by his wife Anabel; children: Arielle, Maritza, and Rafael; and mother: Corina; sister Nora; and grandchildren: Joshua, Jordyn, and Gianna. Cremated October 25 Line of Duty Death anniversary Ralph L. Anderson Date of Birth: February 16, 1923 Entered on Duty: May 1, 1950 Title: Patrol Inspector End of Watch: October 25, 1968 Details: On October 25, 1968, Patrol Inspector Ralph L. Anderson was assigned to the 8:00 a.m. to 4:00 p.m. shift on the international boundary near San Ysidro, California. He was working alone, checking the drag trails for signs of illegal crossings. Shortly after 4:00 p.m., Patrol Inspector Charles Thompson found Patrol Inspector Anderson in a Service-owned vehicle in a remote area near the Mexican border east of the San Ysidro Port of Entry. There was a bullet wound in Inspector Anderson's right temple and a 218 “Bee” Savage bolt-action rifle inside the vehicle, with the muzzle pointing upward and leaning toward the decedent. Investigation conducted by the FBI revealed that the rifle was carried loosely inside the vehicle with the muzzle upward. A mark on a gearshift lever knob indicated that the trigger of the weapon had fallen against the knob. The impact discharged the rifle, and the projectile struck Inspector Anderson in the right temporal region. There was no indication of any other person or persons having been in the area. San Diego County Deputy Coroner Murphy concluded the mode of death to be accidental. Gravesite October 25, 1978, “The Fraternal Order of Retired Border Patrol Officers (FORBPO) was founded in order to preserve the unique spirit of the Border Patrol, and to perpetuate the loyalties and friendships, which accrued during the years of active service.”
Line of Duty Death anniversary Catherine M. Hill Date of Birth: March 19, 1965 Entered on Duty: November 1, 1999 Title: Senior Patrol Agent End of Watch: October 25, 2002 Details: Senior Patrol Agent Catherine M. Hill, 37, was performing patrol duties in the Tijuana River Valley (Smuggler’s Canyon area) early in the morning on Friday, October 25, 2002, when her vehicle rolled down the edge of a 40-foot cliff. She died at the scene. Agent Hill was a graduate of the 419th session of the U.S. Border Patrol Academy and was assigned to the Imperial Beach Station at the time of her death. Known for her outgoing and community-oriented personality, she was an advisor for Border Patrol Explorer post #1924 and a member of the San Diego Sector’s Peer Support Team. Gravesite October 26 October 26, 2006, “President Bush signs the Secure Fence Act of 2006, funding construction of 700 miles of additional fencing along the U.S. Mexico border. Secure Fence Act of 2006 also mandated the Secretary of Homeland Security to achieve and maintain operational control over the entire international land and maritime borders. The law defined “operational control” as the prevention of all unlawful entries into the United States, including entries by terrorists, other unlawful aliens, instruments of terrorism, narcotics, and other contraband.”
October 13 - October 19Welcome to another This Week in USBP History! This week’s blog takes us through leadership transitions, legal milestones, and heroic acts that have shaped the U.S. Border Patrol. On October 13, 1943, acting Chief John Nelson took temporary leadership as the Border Patrol faced high turnover during World War II. Meanwhile, the Nationality Act of 1940, passed on October 14, unified U.S. laws on citizenship and nationality, impacting Border Patrol operations throughout and after the war. We honor the sacrifices of Patrol Inspector John A. Rector, who tragically lost his life on October 16, 1956, after a fellow officer, Bill Jordan, accidentally discharged a loaded .357 Magnum, fatally striking Rector through a partition wall. We also remember Senior Patrol Inspector Elgar B. Holliday, who succumbed to a heart attack on October 18, 1967, after days of overexertion during Hurricane Beulah relief efforts, and Pilot Weldon Smith, who tragically died in a plane crash on October 19, 1979, while assisting agents on the ground. This week, we also recognize Border Patrol Agent Myron B. Merchant, who was wounded during a shootout on October 14, 1979, while apprehending two dangerous fugitives. Additionally, we reflect on the bravery of Border Patrol Agents Juan Cruz Jr. and Marcus K. Johnson, who risked their lives on October 19, 2015, to rescue a drowning individual despite dangerous conditions. Explore this week’s blog to learn more about these stories and the legacy of service and sacrifice that continues to define the U.S. Border Patrol. Enjoy and have a great week! Cliff P.S. - As an open and continuous invitation to current and former USBP employees, I am always accepting photos to post in the USBP Photo Galleries and in the Upholding Honor First pages. I sure would appreciate you visiting those pages and sending me anything that you think I could post (just send them to [email protected]). As always, make sure to explore all of the hyperlinks to the documents and pages. Finally, please forward this blog to whomever you think may enjoy it. THIS WEEK'S USBP ANNIVERSARIES AND MILESTONESOctober 13
On October 13, 1943, acting Chief of the Border Patrol John Nelson (1906-1979) wrote Willard Kelly (1903-1969), the previous Chief of the Border Patrol a memo explaining the reasons that 143 of 253 Border Patrol Inspectors had left employment (18 were terminated and 125 resigned). Very interesting about this memo is that it clearly shows that Willard Kelly had promoted above Chief of the Border Patrol and that John Nelson (who had been the Director of the Border Patrol Academy) had been temporarily promoted to Chief of the Border Patrol which would later become a permanent promotion.
October 14 On October 14, 1940, Congress passed the Nationality Act of 1940, which for the first time unified and codified U.S. laws relating to naturalization, citizenship, and nationality. The Nationality Act of 1940 clarified “eligibility for citizenship through birth or naturalization,” including residency requirements, actions which would bar immigrants from naturalization, and conditions for loss of nationality. These two laws would play an important part in the actions of the U.S. Border Patrol in apprehending and detaining those identified as subversive and enemy aliens during and after World War II.
Newton-Azrak Award action anniversary Myron B. Merchant - award memo, news article Border Patrol Agent Swanton, Vermont On October 14, 1979 at approximately 10:30 p.m. a call was received by Border Patrol Agents at Rouses Point, New York that two men were walking in a sparsely populated rural area south on Cannon Corners Road near Mooers Forks, New York. Border Patrol Agent (BPA) Myron Merchant and another agent responded to the call. BPA Merchant took a surveillance position at the intersection of Cannon Corners Road and Route 11. Soon afterwards, BPA Merchant saw two men walking a short distance from his location. Suddenly the men ran into the woods. BPA Merchant notified the other agent by radio of the circumstances and followed the suspects into the woods. About fifty feet from the road BPA Merchant came under close range gunfire. One shot struck him in the upper abdomen, knocking him to the ground. One of the assailants walked toward him and raised his weapon in an apparent attempt to kill him. BPA Merchant instinctively rolled on the ground as the assailant fired narrowly missing him. BPA Merchant drew his weapon and returned the gunfire, killing the assailant. While seriously wounded, BPA Merchant marked the position of the dead man with his flashlight and then crawled on his back to the road where he was met by the agent he had earlier radioed. During the gunfire the second man fled. He was captured later at a New York State Police roadblock in Mooers, New York. BPA Merchant’s ability and presence of mind to be able to give a description of the second man greatly contributed to his capture. The two men were later identified as two escapees who had been charged with murdering a Montreal, Quebec police officer and seriously wounding two other officers of that city. BPA Merchant’s actions that evening reflect his great personal courage and presence of mind during an emergency life and death situation. October 15
October 16 This PDF contains two memos and a sworn statement detailing a brief exchange of gunfire that occurred on October 16, 1930, between Border Patrol Inspectors and alcohol smugglers in El Paso, TX.
Line of Duty Death anniversary John A. Rector Date of Birth: August 23, 1898 Entered on Duty: March 13, 1928 Title: Patrol Inspector End of Watch: October 16, 1956 Details: At approximately 11:30 a.m., October 16, 1956, Patrol Inspector John A. Rector was accidently shot by the firing of a .357 Magnum revolver by fellow officer, Bill Jordan. The mishap occurred at the Chula Vista Sector Headquarters as two officers were discussing various guns and their limitations and advantages. During the course of the conversation, the .357 Magnum was unloaded, examined, then reloaded, and placed in a desk drawer. The two officers then examined a .22 revolver and soon the discussion returned to the .357 Magnum. At this point, Patrol Inspector Jordan reached into the desk drawer, picked up the pistol, and without realizing that it had been reloaded, pulled the trigger. The bullet passed through a partition wall into Patrol Inspector Rector's office where it struck him in the left jaw and ranged up through his head. Upon arrival of an ambulance and a doctor, Patrol Inspector Rector was removed to the Paradise Valley Hospital in National City. Two neurosurgeons from San Diego were called; however, nothing could be done for Inspector Rector. He died at approximately 2:00 p.m. the same day. Gravesite October 17 On October 17, 1929, the Commissioner-General responded to the Commissioner of Immigration for the Montreal District's request to appoint 4 Senior Patrol Inspectors to act as assistants to their respective sub-district Chief Patrol Inspectors.
On October 17, 1941, Willard Kelly (1903-1969), the 4th Chief of the Border Patrol, wrote a memo to the DOJ concerning (Immigration) Guard badges. This memo highlights a few things:
October 18 This October 18, 1930 report details an alcohol seizure in which the Marfa Sub-district Border Patrol Inspectors and local Customs Border Patrol Inspectors combined forces to catch over 400 gallons of alcohol. This October 18, 1940 collection of costs to build Border Patrol facilities is signed by "H.J. Walls, Assistant Supervisor of Border Patrol". This is the earliest known evidence of the position that would evolve to become "Deputy Chief of the Border Patrol". Line of Duty Death anniversary Elgar B. Holliday Date of Birth: October 6, 1911 Entered on Duty: June 19, 1944 Title: Senior Patrol Inspector End of Watch: October 18, 1967 Details: In September 1967, Hurricane Beulah struck the lower Rio Grande Valley and adjacent areas causing extensive wind and flood damage. During the emergency, Patrol Inspectors rendered assistance in the protection of life and property, performing exhaustive and arduous tasks and working long periods of time without rest or relief. Senior Patrol Inspector Elgar B. Holliday was engaged in continuous emergency work assignments for three days. During the third day, September 24, 1967, he was stricken, suffering from extreme shortness of breath and pains in the chest. Showing signs of complete exhaustion, he was taken to a doctor, who gave him an injection and diagnosed the difficulty as heart failure due to over-exertion. Mr. Holliday was subsequently placed in the St. Joseph's Hospital, Houston, Texas, where he died on October 18, 1967. Gravesite
October 19 On October 19, 1927, two separate shootings occurred in the El Paso Sub-district. This document contains the reports of both shootings.
The Patrol Inspectors assigned to McAllen Sector were responsible for providing assistance to the Texas Department of Public Safety in protecting President Dwight Eisenhower and Mexican President Adolfo Ruiz Cortines during the dedication ceremony for the Falcón Dam on October 19, 1953. Patrol Inspectors also helped secure the motorcade route from Harlingen Air Force Base, where President Eisenhower’s plane, the Columbine (first to be designated as and use the call sign Air Force One) landed, to Zapata, Texas, and the Falcón Dam.
Line of Duty Death anniversary Weldon Smith Date of Birth: July 18, 1939 Entered on Duty: November 2, 1970 Title: Aircraft Pilot End of Watch: October 19, 1979 Details: During the afternoon of October 19, 1979, Pilot Weldon Smith had been working with ground agents Roxy D. Kieffe and Frank Ureta, Jr., of Rio Grande City Border Patrol Station. They were trailing aliens on the Gallagor Ranch, about 10 miles north of Guerra, Jim Hogg County, Texas. Pilot Smith returned to McAllen to refuel. As he was returning to the location of the aliens, he passed about 100 feet over Kieffe, relocated the trail, and started relaying the location to Kieffe. He said, "I found the tr-" and quit transmitting in mid-sentence. Officer Kieffe did not see the crash, but saw the smoke and ran toward it. The plane was completely engulfed in flames, destroyed by the impact and fire. Pilot Smith died on initial impact. A Justice of the Peace from Hebbronville, Texas, held an inquest upon arrival at the scene of the accident and pronounced Pilot Smith dead. Subsequent investigation determined that the aircraft had stalled and the pilot was unable to recover from the stall. Gravesite Border Patrol Academy Class 294, beginning on October 19, 1995, would be issued the Beretta Model 96D, a full sized .40 caliber semi- automatic double action-only pistol.
Newton-Azrak Award action anniversary Juan Cruz Jr. - photo Border Patrol Agent Weslaco, Texas Marcus K. Johnson - photo Border Patrol Agent Weslaco, Texas The incident occurred on October 19, 2015, at approximately 2:00 a.m. Border Patrol Agents Juan Cruz, Jr. and Marcus K. Johnson responded to a call for assistance by agents working border enforcement duties near the Hidalgo, Texas, Settling Basin. A subject had jumped into the water basin and was struggling to stay afloat. The potential victim was frantically screaming for help and periodically dipping below the surface of the water. The agents quickly improvised a safety line from tow straps and courageously entered the dark, cold water in an attempt to rescue the subject. Unfortunately, the improvised safety line was not long enough to reach the subject and the dangerous conditions forced the agents to return to land. Cruz swam out for a second time in an attempt to throw the subject a floatation device, but that attempt also failed due to the subject’s panicked state of mind. Upon the arrival of the City of Hidalgo’s Fire Department, the agents were informed that the fire department would not attempt a rescue due to policy constraints dealing with the dangers involved in a night time water rescue. Both Cruz and Johnson ignored the injuries they had suffered to their bare feet on their previous rescue attempts and for a third time volunteered to try to rescue the subject. They borrowed life vests from the fire department and re-entered the dangerous water. On the third attempt, the agents managed to reach the subject and provide him with a life vest and were able to successfully extract him from the water without further incident. The subject was examined by emergency medical technicians at the scene and found to be in good health and not in need of further medical attention. Both Cruz and Johnson were treated for their injuries at a local hospital and released the same night. October 6 - October 12Welcome to another This Week in USBP History! This week’s blog features pivotal moments that highlight the evolving role of the U.S. Border Patrol. From early discussions in 1918 about establishing a “regular patrol” to enforce wartime measures, to the 1924 recruitment announcement that allowed women to apply, the history of the Patrol is full of interesting milestones. We also honor the sacrifices of Border Patrol agents like Robert M. Hotten and Henley M. Goode, Jr., and recount the heroism of agents like Robert H. Arnold Jr. and Herbert L. Williams, who faced heavy gunfire in 2002 while protecting their fellow agents. Curious to dive deeper into these events and the agents who made history? Explore this week’s blog to discover more about the Border Patrol’s enduring legacy of service and sacrifice. Enjoy and have a great week! Cliff P.S. - As an open and continuous invitation to current and former USBP employees, I am always accepting photos to post in the USBP Photo Galleries and in the Upholding Honor First pages. I sure would appreciate you visiting those pages and sending me anything that you think I could post (just send them to [email protected]). As always, make sure to explore all of the hyperlinks to the documents and pages. Finally, please forward this blog to whomever you think may enjoy it. THIS WEEK'S USBP ANNIVERSARIES AND MILESTONESOctober 6
On October 6, 1918, the Commissioner-General sent telegrams to Seattle and El Paso immigration officials requesting their insight into placing a "regular patrol" in their areas to enforce the "Passport-Permit Regulations" and to "aid in the enforcement of other distinctly wartime measures." On October 6, 1942, Chief of the Border Patrol Willard F. Kelly (1903-1969) wrote a memo on behalf of the Commissioner to the Warden of the United States Penitentiary in Leavenworth, Kansas. The memo contained, "...the names and addresses of the district and subdistrict offices of the United States Immigration Border Patrol." The memo also contains a disclaimer - "Each subdistrict has a number of stations infer its jurisdiction but, as these are changing constantly, all communications should be addressed to the District Directors or Chief Patrol Inspectors." Line of Duty Death anniversary Robert M. Hotten Date of Birth: September 24, 1975 Entered on Duty: September 10, 2009 Title: Border Patrol Agent End of Watch: October 6, 2019 Details: On October 6, 2019, BPA Robert M. Hotten was investigating potential illegal cross-border activity in extremely rugged terrain near Patagonia, Arizona. After he failed to respond to radio calls, fellow agents responded to his last known location and found him unresponsive. Agent Hotten was airlifted to a hospital in Nogales, Arizona where he was later pronounced deceased. Agent Hotten entered on duty with the United States Border Patrol on September 10, 2009, as a member of the 910th session of the Border Patrol Academy. He was assigned to the Sonoita Border Patrol Station in the Tucson Sector following his graduation. Agent Hotten served with the United States Border Patrol for over 10 years. Burial Details Unknown October 7 The earliest known Border Patrol announcement is from October 7, 1924. It’s particularly notable for debunking the folklore that applicants were required to provide their own horse or firearm. Here are some key points of interest from the announcement:
The Charleston Border Patrol Academy had its grand opening on October 7, 1996.
October 8 On October 8, 1934, Deputy Commissioner Irving F. Wixon (1884-1962), wrote a congratulatory note to Jacksonville District Border Patrol Inspectors that had participated in the Florida Police Pistol League competition that occurred in Tampa. Border Patrol participants were:
During the early 1960s, one of the Beaver aircraft was also assigned to the Northeast and mainly flew out of Swanton and Houlton Sectors. The De Havilland DHC-2 Beaver was based out of Burlington, Vermont, and was equipped with floats. Retired Patrol Inspector Gordon Dilmore shared a story of an [October 8, 1963] incident where the Beaver was almost involved in a mid-air collision with a U.S. Air Force fighter that was in trouble. The assistance provided to the pilot after the aircraft crashed was credited with saving the pilot’s life.
Line of Duty Death anniversary David H. Gray Entered on Duty: March 21, 2016 Title: Enforcement Analysis Specialist End of Watch: October 8, 2021 Details: EAS Gray entered on duty on March 21, 2016. At the time of his passing, he was assigned to the Sector Intelligence Unit in Houlton Sector, Maine. Before joining the U.S. Border Patrol, EAS Grey honorably served his country for 20 years in the U.S. Navy. The circumstances of his passing were reviewed by an executive panel and the CBP Commissioner who determined that this death occurred in the line of duty. He is survived by his son, Harris; daughter, Marsilla; mother: Velva; and sister, Sandra. Gravesite October 9
October 10 On October 10, 1944, Tule Lake Segregation Center was transferred to the Department of Justice and Border Patrol Inspectors replaced military guards at the center. Approximately 70 Patrol Inspectors were assigned to Tule Lake, taking over the duties which had previously been administered by 450 Army officers and enlisted men. By this time, the internee population had been reduced from 18,000 to 3,300 through repatriations, transfers to other camps, and parole of those determined to be “loyals.”
The Fort Stanton Internment Camp closed on October 10, 1945, after transferring the last of its 24 Japanese internees, who had volunteered to help dismantle the camp, for repatriation to Japan from Terminal Island, California. During its operation, it housed not only the 410 men of the S.S. Columbus, but a total of 778 internees that included 695 Germans, 21 Italians, and 62 Japanese.
October 11 On October 11, 1927, Chief Patrol Inspector Grey of the Houlton Sub-district wrote his boss, the Commissioner of Immigration for the Montreal District, explaining the need to have 5 men assigned to each of the subdistrict's stations (Calais, Vanceboro, Houlton and Fort Fairfield). He also took the opportunity to request additional equipment. Also noteworthy in the memo that CPI Grey did not identify his AOR as a "Sub-district #1" but as "Patrol District #1". This is contrary to the naming convention established in General Order 61 in 1926. Line of Duty Death anniversary Henley M. Goode, Jr. Date of Birth: April 7, 1929 Entered on Duty: August 24, 1953 Title: Patrol Inspector End of Watch: October 11, 1969 Details: During the morning of September 6, 1969, Patrol Inspector Henley M. Goode, Jr. was injured when he fell on the steps of the U.S. Post Office Building, Fort Fairfield, Maine. He had just departed the Border Patrol Office on the second floor of the building and as he neared the lobby level, he tripped and fell a short distance to the lobby floor. There were no witnesses to the accident, but several postal employees heard the sound of someone falling and a voice calling for help. They responded immediately, and obtained a doctor and an ambulance. Examination revealed Patrol Inspector Goode had sustained a fractured left kneecap (Patella). He died unexpectedly on October 11, 1969, at the Fort Fairfield Community Hospital. His death was attributed to pulmonary embolus. Gravesite October 12 On October 12, 1927, Chief Patrol Inspector Thomas of the Massena Sub-district also writes his boss, the Commissioner of Immigration for the Montreal District. Based on this document, it is evident that he and CPI Grey were responding to a memo from their boss. This memo, CPI Thomas describes the manpower and AOR of the sub-district's four stations (Fort Covington, Massena, Morristown, and Depauville). Further, CPI recommends and provides his justifications for opening another station at Hogansburg, NY. Like CPI Grey above, CPI Thomas does not use the naming convention mandated by General Order 61. Newton-Azrak Award action anniversary Robert H. Arnold Jr. Senior Patrol Agent El Paso Sector Herbert L. Williams Supervisory Border Patrol Agent El Paso Sector Senior Patrol Agent Robert H. Arnold Jr. and Supervisory Border Patrol Agent Herbert L. Williams were recognized for their acts of bravery and heroism during the pursuit of a narcotics load vehicle after it illegally entered the U.S. with 1,900 pounds of marijuana. On October 12, 2002, Agent Arnold and his partner Border Patrol Agent Valerie Jaramillo pursued a narcotics load vehicle back to the Rio Grande River after it had entered the United States illegally. This occurred approximately 27 miles east of the Ft. Hancock, Texas Port of Entry. The driver abandoned the vehicle (containing 1,900 pounds of marijuana) and crossed back into Mexico. The driver, along with several other armed assailants, began shooting into the United States at these agents. Agents Arnold and Jaramillo were ambushed and came under heavy gunfire. Agent Jaramillo was shot in the leg and the same bullet narrowly missed Agent Arnold. Additional rounds struck the engine compartment and battery, disabling their vehicle. Supervisory Border Patrol Agent Herbert L. Williams entered the area as back up and took heavy fire. Agent Arnold returned fire from cover. Agent Williams positioned his vehicle in the line of fire to provide additional cover so that Agent Jaramillo could be extracted safely. Agents in self-defense of the heavy automatic gunfire fired over 240 rounds. Agent Arnold removed Agent Jaramillo to Agent Williams vehicle and then left the scene to meet with a medical helicopter. Agent Williams provided cover fire as they left the area, at which time they were continuing to take heavy fire from Mexico. Agent Williams was able to safely get out of the line of fire and Agent Jaramillo subsequently recovered from her gunshot wound. |
Clifford GillBlog author, retired U.S. Border Patrol Assistant Chief and, current U.S. Border Patrol employee advocate. Ray HarrisSite founder and owner, former Supervisory Border Patrol Agent and retired Immigration Special Agent. Joseph BancoU.S. Border Patrol historian and retired Deputy Chief Patrol Agent. Archives
October 2024
I prefer that you leave comments. However, if you wish to contact me, please do so by emailing [email protected].
|