December 29 - January 4Welcome to another This Week in USBP History! This week, we reflect on the enduring bravery, resilience, and evolution of the U.S. Border Patrol. On December 29, 1944, discussions about consolidating the Customs and Immigration Border Patrols highlighted competing visions for the agencies’ futures. December 31, 1940, marked the inception of the Border Patrol’s first air patrols with autogiros, demonstrating early innovation in border security. The heroism of Border Patrol Agents is evident in the Newton-Azrak Award recipients we spotlight this week. Agents Mark Jones and Sevin Neufner risked their lives to save a struggling individual from the Rio Grande in 1998, and Agent Michael Linder rescued a driver from a burning vehicle in 2020. Additionally, we recount Senior Patrol Inspector Carson Morrow’s incredible perseverance after surviving a life-threatening attack on January 1, 1929. This week, we also honor those who made the ultimate sacrifice. Border Patrol Agent Manuel Salcido Jr., who tragically died in a vehicle accident on January 2, 1985, and Patrol Inspector Bert G. Walthall, who was killed in a gunfight with smugglers on December 27, 1933, remind us of the profound risks taken by agents to secure our nation. Join us in this week’s blog as we explore these powerful stories of service, sacrifice, and the legacy of the U.S. Border Patrol. Enjoy and have a great week! Cliff P.S. - As an open and continuous invitation to current and former USBP employees, I am always accepting photos to post in the USBP Photo Galleries and in the Upholding Honor First pages. I sure would appreciate you visiting those pages and sending me anything that you think I could post (just send them to [email protected]). As always, make sure to explore all of the hyperlinks to the documents and pages. Finally, please forward this blog to whomever you think may enjoy it. THIS WEEK'S USBP ANNIVERSARIES AND MILESTONESDecember 29
On December 29, 1944, El Paso District Director Grover W. Wilmoth (1884-1951) wrote a memo to Assistant Commissioner for Alien Control Willard Kelly (1903-1969) (Chief of the Border Patrol 1933-1943) concerning the “Proposed consolidation of the Border Patrols”. His last paragraph was:
December 30 On December 30, 1927, see the report of two Border Patrol Inspectors engaged in a brief gunfight with an alcohol smuggler. The smuggler was apparently wounded. Patrol Inspectors involved in the shooting were:
This undated list of uniform vendors is believed to be from 1927. ...the Crystal City Family Internment Camp reached its peak population of 3,374, which consisted of 2,371 Japanese, 997 Germans, and five Italians on December 29, 1944. As reported by the initial Camp Commander Nick Collaer (1896-1977), “many of the camp’s residents were not ordered interned, but had requested voluntary internment in order that the family unit might not be split up.
Newton-Azrak Award action anniversary. Mark M. Jones Border Patrol Agent McAllen Sector Sevin K. Neufner Border Patrol Agent McAllen Sector On December 30, 1998, Border Patrol Agents Mark M. Jones and Sevin Neufner were assigned boat patrol duties in the McAllen area of responsibility. While patrolling and area known for alien and narcotic smuggling activities, Agent Neufner, using night vision equipment, observed what appeared to be an individual in distress in the middle of the river. He informed his partner, Agent Jones, who was operating the boat and directed him to the person, who was struggling to stay afloat. While attempting to close the distance between the boat and the person, Agent Neufner observed him slip beneath the surface for several seconds and then reappear still struggling to stay afloat. Upon reaching this person, Agent Neufner observed him go underwater for a second time and acting instinctively, jumped into the river and grasped him by his shoulders, rotating his body to a position where his face was out of the water. Agent Jones assisted his partner by throwing in a line and pulling Agent Neufner and the person into the boat. Once safe inside the boat, the person began coughing out water he had swallowed and regained consciousness. December 31 This undated map of the El Paso District contains tons of historic information for modern day Tucson, El Paso and Big Bend sectors. December 31, 1940, “The U.S. Border Patrol obtains three autogiros and begins air patrols. These autogiros were the first official U.S. Border Patrol aircraft and were put in service in May 1941 after training and certification of three Patrol Inspectors to fly them. The three were the first Border Patrol Pilots: Ned Henderson, Gregory Hathaway, and James Parker. After the November 1945 crash and death of Border Patrol Pilot Ned Henderson, the autogiro program came to an end.”
Newton-Azrak Award action anniversary Michael G. Linder - photo Border Patrol Agent New Orleans, LA On December 31, 2020, while off duty, Agent Linder witnessed a vehicle skid to a stop after impacting a highway center-divider at high speed. Agent Linder immediately stopped and ran to the scene to render aid. Upon arrival at the vehicle, Agent Linder found it teetering precariously on the divider, still running, and with the engine compartment smoldering. Without regard for his own safety, Agent Linder took charge of the scene, supervising rescue effort and personally extracting the single male occupant from the burning vehicle. Agent Linder directed efforts to call 911 and extinguish the fire. Agent Linder's quick, decisive, and selfless actions ensured that the driver lived to fully recover from this harrowing event. Agent Linder's actions reflect great credit upon himself, New Orleans Sector, and the United States Border Patrol. January 1 Another incident from Arizona shows the tenacity and drive of those early Patrol Inspectors to “stay in the fight.” On January 1, 1929, Senior Patrol Inspector Carson Morrow (1896-1959) of the Nogales, Arizona Station had apprehended two Mexican liquor smugglers in a canyon and during a struggle, one of the smugglers “imprisoned Inspector Morrow’s arms” behind his back as the other stabbed him in the chest with a large knife. The two stepped back expecting Morrow to fall dead, but he quickly drew his revolver and shot the alien that had stabbed him dead as the other made his escape. The knife wound was “an inch and a quarter in length and had pierced Morrows’ chest wall and punctured the pleural sac around the left lung.” Although severely injured, Morrow managed to get back to his horse, ride back to his station in Nogales to make a report, and then proceeded to “St. Joseph’s Hospital for medical and surgical attention.” Morrow made a full recovery and would later become the Chief Patrol Inspector of the Tucson Sector.
Although difficult to see clearly, this undated map from 1930 presents a reorganization plan for the El Paso District (covering modern day Tucson, El Paso and Big Bend Sectors). The plan was to have three sub-districts (sectors) just like modern times with each sub-district having only three stations (referred to as sectors on the map). January 2 On January 2, 1929, the Commissioner of Immigration for District #17, the New Orleans District, William W. Tuttle (1878-1948), wrote a 10-page paper concerning the activities of the Border Patrol Inspectors under his supervision. At the time, the district contained two sub-districts (sectors), New Orleans and Gulfport. Line of Duty Death anniversary Manuel Salcido, Jr. Date of Birth: April 25, 1950 Entered on Duty: March 12, 1984 Title: Border Patrol Agent End of Watch: January 2, 1985 Details: On January 2, 1985, Agent Salcido was enroute to Del Rio Sector Headquarters and travelling in a seized 1975 Ford sedan. Agent Salcido's vehicle went out of control on an ice-glazed concrete bridge and was struck broadside on the driver's side by a southbound vehicle in the southbound lane. The other vehicle was a 1984 Suburban enroute to Eagle Pass, Texas. Agent Salcido was killed and the driver of the second vehicle was hospitalized with head and chest injuries. No other persons were involved in the accident. Gravesite January 3 On January 3, 1925, District Director of the Detroit District, Percy L. Prentis (1870-1928), forwarded an activity report of the Marine City Sub-district to the Commissioner-General. The report was written by Ruel Davenport (1878-1961) who was the Patrol Inspector in Charge (PIIC) for the sub-district.
Newton-Azrak Award action anniversary Raul A. Rodriguez - photo, award certificate, award set Border Patrol Agent Del Rio, TX On January 3, 2021, Border Patrol Agents (BPA) Ruben Castillo and Raul A. Rodriguez placed themselves in harm's way in pursuit of a black Chevy SUV. After an exhaustive pursuit including a deadly force encounter and search through multiple counties with various agencies, resources and personnel in tow, BPA Castillo and BPA Rodriguez were able to apprehend all of the subjects without further incident. BPA Castillo and BPA Rodriguez demonstrated heroism in the face of grave danger. The agents' actions brought great credit upon themselves and the United States Border Patrol. Newton-Azrak Award action anniversary Ruben Castillo Border Patrol Agent Del Rio, TX On January 3, 2021, Border Patrol Agents (BPA) Ruben Castillo and Raul A. Rodriguez placed themselves in harm's way in pursuit of a black Chevy SUV. After and exhaustive pursuit including a deadly force encounter and search through multiple counties with various agencies, resources and personnel in tow, BPA Castillo and BPA Rodriguez were able to apprehend all of the subjects without further incident. BPA Castillo and BPA Rodriguez demonstrated heroism in the face of grave danger. The agents' actions brought great credit upon themselves and the United States Border Patrol. January 4 On January 4, 1926, PIIC Ruel Davenport submitted a Report of Activities for the Month of December 1925 for the Marine City Sub-district. Like the report from a year earlier, this offers an interesting glimpse into the early work conducted by the Border Patrol in the Detroit area.
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December 22 - December 28Welcome to another This Week in USBP History! This week, we delve into pivotal moments that highlight the bravery and dedication of the U.S. Border Patrol, as well as its historical evolution. On December 22, 1934, Chief of the Border Patrol Willard Kelly initiated a nationwide discussion about standardized training, which laid the groundwork for the establishment of the U.S. Border Patrol Academy. His efforts marked a significant milestone in the professionalization of the Patrol. We also reflect on the events of December 23, 1944, when Border Patrol Inspectors played a key role in tracking and apprehending escaped German POWs during the Great Papago Escape—the largest POW escape in U.S. history. This remarkable display of skill and coordination underscored the Patrol’s critical contributions to national security during World War II. This week, we honor the lives and sacrifices of three fallen heroes. On December 25, 1928, Patrol Inspector Robert H. Lobdell was tragically shot and killed while apprehending a suspected illegal entrant near Roseau, Minnesota. On December 27, 1933, Patrol Inspector Bert G. Walthall was killed in a gunfight with smugglers near El Paso, Texas, while his courageous actions protected his fellow agents. Lastly, on December 28, 1940, Patrol Inspector George E. Pringle lost his life in a vehicle accident caused by a tire blowout while patrolling near Parker, Arizona. Their sacrifices serve as solemn reminders of the risks faced daily by those who protect our borders. Join us in this week’s blog as we explore these significant events, the enduring legacy of service, and the ultimate sacrifices that define the U.S. Border Patrol’s proud history. Enjoy and have a great week! Cliff P.S. - As an open and continuous invitation to current and former USBP employees, I am always accepting photos to post in the USBP Photo Galleries and in the Upholding Honor First pages. I sure would appreciate you visiting those pages and sending me anything that you think I could post (just send them to [email protected]). As always, make sure to explore all of the hyperlinks to the documents and pages. Finally, please forward this blog to whomever you think may enjoy it. THIS WEEK'S USBP ANNIVERSARIES AND MILESTONESDecember 22
Earliest known reference to create a Border Patrol Academy
December 23 On December 23, 1944, Patrol Inspectors Bucky Newsome, Salty Shreve, and Rex Holgerson were alerted to an escape from the Papago Park POW Camp in Arizona. It was the largest POW escape in the U.S. and became known as the Great Papago Escape, drawing attention of the FBI to the lack security at Army-controlled POW camps. Twenty-five German POWs had dug a 178- foot tunnel from a bathhouse that extended under the two barbed wire fences, a road, and into the Arizona Crosscut Canal. The Patrol Inspectors assisted the U.S. Army and tracked several of the escaping Germans, finding them in the desert near Sells, 60 miles west of Nogales. Two more were found by Patrol Inspectors within 10 miles of the border with Mexico. All 25 POWs were eventually captured, the last of whom were caught 35 days after leaving the camp.
Line of Duty Death anniversary Luis O. Peña Jr. Date of Birth: July 16, 1977 Entered on Duty: January 27, 2003 Title: Border Patrol Agent End of Watch: December 23, 2019 Details: On December 23, 2019, Border Patrol Agent Luis O. Peña Jr. succumbed to complications related to significant injuries he received from a vehicle accident (roll over) on the Tohono O’odham Nation on October 18, 2007. BPA Peña was medically retired on October 8, 2010. Agent Peña entered on duty with the United States Border Patrol on January 27, 2003, as a member of the 538th session of the Border Patrol Academy. He was assigned to the Casa Grande Border Patrol Station in the Tucson Sector following his graduation. Agent Peña served with the United States Border Patrol for over seven years. December 24 On December 24, 1952, the Immigration and Nationality Act of 1952 (P.L. 414, 66 Stat. 163) became effective. The new statute, simply referred to as the INA, was crafted to be an all-inclusive immigration and naturalization law by combining, updating, and codifying all previous laws pertaining to “Aliens and Nationality” under Title 8 of the U.S. Code.
December 25 Line of Duty Death anniversary Robert H. Lobdell Date of Birth: May 15, 1898 Entered on Duty: June 16, 1928 Title: Patrol Inspector End of Watch: December 25, 1928 Details: Patrol Inspector Lobdell was shot and killed instantly on the night of December 25, 1928, near Roseau, Minnesota, by an individual who was suspected of being an alien entering the United States illegally. Inspector Lobdell was shot while he was attempting to get the individual into the patrol car for transportation to Warroad, Minnesota. The murderer was apprehended the following day, but he denied his guilt and steadfastly refused to make any statement that would reveal his past history. He was later convicted and sentenced to life imprisonment in the state penitentiary at Stillwater, Minnesota. Reportedly, he subsequently corresponded with the judge of the court in which he was tried, confessing that he had killed Patrol Inspector Lobdell. Survivor benefits - As per this document, his wife received $52.50 per month. Gravesite December 26
December 27 On December 27, 1927, two Border Patrol Inspectors engaged in a brief gunfight with approximately six suspected alcohol smugglers. After an exchange of about four shots, the smugglers abandoned their load of alcohol which was seized. No injuries were reported. See the report here. The Patrol Inspectors involved in the shooting were:
Line of Duty Death anniversary Bert G. Walthall Date of Birth: February 27, 1900 Entered on Duty: July 31, 1931 Title: Patrol Inspector End of Watch: December 27, 1933 Historical documents of the shooting - 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8 Details: On the evening of December 27, 1933, Patrol Inspectors Bert G. Walthall, Louis A. Smith, and Curtis D. Mosely were patrolling the international boundary near Cordova Island at El Paso, Texas. Cordova Island is not in fact an island, but Mexican territory left on the north side of the Rio Grande River when the river changed its course. The boundary here was an imaginary line and a person could step across from one country to another. At about 8:45 p.m., the officers noticed two men cross the line with sacks on their backs and depart in a waiting automobile. The officers attempted to stop the car by blowing their horn but the smugglers only increased their speed. After a chase of a couple of blocks, the patrol car overtook the smugglers, who pulled over to the side of the road. Before the patrol car could be stopped, it had arrived alongside the smugglers' car, about ten feet to the left of it. Inspector Mosely was driving, Inspector Walthall was sitting beside him, and Inspector Smith was in the back seat. When the patrol car stopped, Officers Walthall and Smith alighted from the right side. They were met by a blast of rifle fire from the smugglers that instantly killed Inspector Walthall and wounded Inspector Smith. Inspector Mosely had gotten out of the car on the left side and opened fire on the smugglers, whose car was then in motion. Inspector Mosely continued shooting with his rifle and pistol until his weapons were empty and then turned his attention to his fellow officers. Survivor benefits - As per this document, his wife received $67.50 per month for her and their child. Gravesite On December 27, 1933, Border Patrol Inspectors Mosely, Smith and Walthall (1900-1933) engaged in a gunfight with smugglers Jose Estrada, Ramon Rice and Fidel Ortega near Cordova Island in El Paso, Texas. During the exchange of gunfire, Inspector Walthall and smuggler Jose Estrada were killed and, Inspector Smith and smugglers Ramon Rice and Fidel Ortega were wounded. Please see the following historic documents that are related to the incident:
On December 27, 1944, Former Chief Patrol Inspector and then current Chief of the Alien Central Division in El Paso, Aubrey Slaughter Hudson (1896-1965) wrote a memo to the El Paso District Director concerning arguments for and against consolidation of the Customs Border Patrol with the Immigration Border Patrol, and for and against a consolidated Border Patrol. His closing paragraph is – “I believe the arguments I have set forth against the consolidation of the Customs Border Patrol with the Immigration Border Patrol will apply as reasons against a consolidation of the both agencies under either the Justice or the Treasury Department.”
At the Tule Lake Segregation Center - Japanese internees calling themselves Hokoku, who shaved their heads and wore sweatshirts emblazed with the rising sun, attempted to militarize the camp population in support of the Japanese war effort. The Hokoku threatened and pressured reluctant internees to become renunciants and pledge allegiance to the emperor and Japan. On December 27, 1944, 41 Patrol Inspectors, reacting to disruptions to camp operations and demonstrations led by Hokoku, arrested and secured 70 men, including 64 Hokoku leaders. They were marched out to the main gate in groups of 10, where they boarded buses and were transferred to the Santa Fe Alien Detention Center.
December 28 Line of Duty Death anniversary George E. Pringle Date of Birth: August 24, 1896 Entered on Duty: June 5, 1936 Title: Patrol Inspector End of Watch: December 28, 1940 Details: During the evening of December 25, 1940, Patrol Inspector George E. Pringle was working alone near Parker, Arizona. He was engaged in conversation with a Special Agent for the Metropolitan Water District of Southern California, when he indicated he was going to follow a car that had just passed. The vehicle was known to both men as belonging to a group of aliens suspected of illegal activities in connection with the Parker Dam. Inspector Pringle was next observed driving south on Parker Road. Two witnesses indicated the government vehicle being driven by Inspector Pringle veered toward the center of the road and swerved to the right off the roadway overturning several times. Inspector Pringle sustained multiple injuries including contusions of the upper frontal region of the skull and a fracture at the base of the skull. He died of injuries received in the accident on December 28, 1940. Subsequent investigation revealed that the accident occurred as a result of a blow out of the right front tire that was caused by the tire passing over a broken bottle in the roadway. Gravesite On December 28, 1999, U.S. Attorney for the Central District of California Alejandro N. Mayorkas (who would later become the Deputy Secretary of Homeland Security in the Obama Administration and the first DHS Secretary in the Biden Administration) recommended not seeking further review of the Ninth Circuit’s adverse panel decision. The DOJ Criminal Division Assistant Attorney General concurred with “No Rehearing and No Certiorari” thereby keeping Bono a free man.
December 15 - December 21Welcome to another This Week in USBP History! This week, we delve into stories of heroism, sacrifice, and pivotal moments in U.S. Border Patrol history. On December 15, 1927, Patrol Inspector Franklin P. Wood disappeared during a pursuit on the Detroit River. His wrecked boat was later found, marking his tragic and mysterious line-of-duty death. His sacrifice serves as a reminder of the dangers faced by those who secure our borders. On December 16, 2003, Border Patrol Agent James P. Epling displayed extraordinary courage in rescuing a woman from the Colorado River before tragically losing his life in the swift waters. Agent Epling’s dedication earned him a posthumous Newton-Azrak Award, reflecting his unwavering commitment to service. We also honor Patrol Inspector Richard D. Clarke, who was fatally attacked on December 18, 1950, during a routine immigration procedure. On December 19, 2004, Agent George R. DeBates lost his life in a vehicle accident while patrolling near Pisinimo, Arizona. Both agents’ sacrifices underscore the daily risks taken to protect our nation. In addition to these somber anniversaries, we celebrate the heroism of Border Patrol Agent Brady M. Pratt, who risked his life on December 20, 2020, to save two young girls from a burning vehicle. His swift and selfless actions epitomize the courage and dedication of the U.S. Border Patrol. Finally, we revisit historical milestones, including the redesign of U.S. Border Patrol badges in 1954 and the screening of Cuban Freedom Fighters by Border Patrol agents in 1962. These stories highlight the enduring legacy of service, bravery, and evolution within the Border Patrol. Join us as we explore these powerful moments that define the U.S. Border Patrol’s history and honor those who have made the ultimate sacrifice. Enjoy and have a great week! Cliff P.S. - As an open and continuous invitation to current and former USBP employees, I am always accepting photos to post in the USBP Photo Galleries and in the Upholding Honor First pages. I sure would appreciate you visiting those pages and sending me anything that you think I could post (just send them to [email protected]). As always, make sure to explore all of the hyperlinks to the documents and pages. Finally, please forward this blog to whomever you think may enjoy it. THIS WEEK'S USBP ANNIVERSARIES AND MILESTONESDecember 15
Line of Duty Death anniversary Franklin P. Wood Date of Birth: September 22, 1894 Entered on Duty: March 11, 1926 Title: Patrol Inspector End of Watch: December 15, 1927 Details: Patrol Inspector Franklin P. Wood stationed at Sibley, Michigan, disappeared in the early morning of December 15, 1927. On the Detroit River near Wyandotte, Michigan, under cover of darkness, Patrol Inspectors Wood, James W. Oliver, and Chief Patrol Inspector Ivan A. Hall patrolled in search of smugglers expected in the area. Two boats containing contraband liquor had been seized and were being guarded when Inspector Wood left to pursue another boat operating in the vicinity of Wyandotte. He left in pursuit of one boat loaded with aliens, while his fellow officers pursued another. His wrecked boat, rammed by the smugglers, was found on the river sometime after Patrol Inspector Wood was last seen. Patrol Inspector Wood either drowned or was killed by the smugglers and thrown into the river. His body was never found. Survivor benefits - As per this document, his mother received $22.50 per month until her death in 1931. Body not recovered. December 15, 1975, “Patricia Schmidt becomes the first female to graduate from the Border Patrol Academy with honors in 108th Session (#3 Academically) (Assigned to Yuma, Arizona). Agent Schmidt was the daughter of Harold M. Schmidt, the PAIC in Blaine, Washington, making them the first father-daughter combination in the Patrol.”
December 16 Line of Duty Death anniversary/ Newton-Azrak Award action anniversary James P. Epling Date of Birth: March 9, 1979 Entered on Duty: January 13, 2003 Title: Border Patrol Agent End of Watch: December 16, 2003 Posthumously Awarded Details: On the evening of December 16, 2003, Border Patrol Agent James P. Epling, assigned to the Yuma Border Patrol Sector, displayed exceptional bravery and commitment to duty near Andrade, California, along the banks of the Colorado River. While responding to sensor activity in the area, Agent Epling made a valiant effort to rescue a female alien struggling in the swift, cold waters of the Colorado River. Successfully ensuring her safety, he then pursued four individuals observed fleeing south toward Mexico in an attempt to evade arrest. During this pursuit, after having apprehended two Chinese illegal immigrants and saving another from drowning, Agent Epling tragically disappeared. A massive search and rescue operation ensued, involving Border Patrol Search, Trauma, and Rescue teams, as well as multiple local, state, federal, tribal, and foreign agencies. This coordinated effort lasted three days. On December 19, 2003, at approximately 7:15 p.m., Agent Epling’s body was recovered from the Colorado River, 29 feet deep and about 200 yards from where he was last seen. The subsequent investigation concluded that Agent Epling had died from accidental drowning. At the time of his passing, Agent Epling was 24 years old and a graduate of the 537th session of the Border Patrol Academy. His son, James Paul Epling II, was born on January 28, 2004. In honor of his courage and selfless actions, Agent Epling was posthumously awarded the Newton-Azrak Award for extraordinary heroism and dedication. Gravesite December 17 December 17, 2004, “The Intelligence Reform and Terrorism Prevention Act of 2004, signed by President Bush, authorized the hiring of an additional 10,000 Border Patrol Agents, with a goal of doubling the workforce by 2010.”
December 18 Line of Duty Death anniversary Richard D. Clarke Date of Birth: December 6, 1926 Entered on Duty: February 23, 1949 Title: Patrol Inspector End of Watch: December 18, 1950 Details: At about 1:00 p.m. on December 18, 1950, Patrol Inspector Richard D. Clarke and his teammate, Patrol Inspector Ralph L. Trantor, took Eulalio Cordero, an illegal alien, into custody in south El Paso. They were bringing him to headquarters by automobile for further questioning when the alien suddenly stabbed Inspector Clarke in the heart. His death was instantaneous. The alien then seized Inspector Trantor's gun. Patrol Inspector Trantor slammed on the car's brakes, held on to the gun and threw himself into the back seat where he grappled with the alien and succeeded in holding him until police officers arrived. During the struggle, Trantor's gun was discharged once, the bullet passing through a car seat. Inspector Trantor was badly bitten on the face and arms. The incident began as a routine immigration procedure. Inspector Clarke questioned Cordero on a street in El Paso, Texas. First claiming to be a citizen of the United States, he later admitted he was an illegal alien. Cordero was charged with murder. Gravesite John A. Hoag III - Unrecognized but Unforgotten Date of Birth: September 24, 1969 Entered on Duty: December 15, 2003 Title: Border Patrol Agent End of Watch: December 18, 2009 Details: On December 18, 2009, Border Patrol Agent John A. Hoag III collapsed while working at the immigration checkpoint on Highway 95 near Quartzsite, Arizona. Emergency medical personnel responded, and Agent Hoag was transported by ambulance to Yuma Regional Medical Center, where he was pronounced deceased. Agent Hoag was a six-year veteran of the U.S. Border Patrol and was assigned to the Yuma Sector. Prior to his service with the Border Patrol, he served in the U.S. Army and worked as a police officer in Virginia, dedicating his life to protecting and serving others. A fellow agent remembered Agent Hoag as a “patriot, a quiet professional who worked hard for his country,” and Yuma Sector Chief Patrol Agent Paul Beeson reflected, “John’s life was one of service. He was a man who served his country faithfully and died doing what he loved.” Agent Hoag is survived by his wife of 15½ years, Angela; twins, Jared and Trinity; daughter, Heather; and his mother, Debbie. He was preceded in death by his father, John Hoag Jr. Agent Hoag was laid to rest on December 22, 2009, following funeral services at Yuma Mortuary. The U.S. Border Patrol Honor Guard served as pallbearers, and law enforcement officers from multiple agencies paid their final respects during a lengthy procession to Desert Lawn Memorial Park in Yuma, Arizona. Gravesite December 18, 2014, “The Border Patrol Agent Pay Reform Act of 2014 (BPAPRA) was signed into law fundamentally changing the manner in which Border Patrol Agents were compensated. This would decertify those on Administratively Uncontrollable Overtime (AUO) and then assign or have the agents elect three rates of pay commensurate with scheduled overtime the agents are assigned or elect to work (0, 1, or 2 hours of overtime per day, with a corresponding overtime pay supplement of 0, 12.5, or 25 percent, respectively).”
December 19 On December 19, 1919, future Chief and Father of the Border Patrol Frank Berkshire (1870-1934) submitted an application for a passport. Line of Duty Death anniversary George R. DeBates Date of Birth: November 19, 1972 Entered on Duty: April 25, 1999 Title: Border Patrol Agent End of Watch: December 19, 2004 Details: On December 19, 2004, Agent George R. DeBates was involved in a single-vehicle accident while on patrol near Pisinimo, Arizona. He died as a result of his injuries. Agent DeBates was working on a camp detail while assigned to the Casa Grande Station. Agent DeBates is the fourth Department of Homeland Security employee to die in the line of duty since the Department was created in March 2003. Originally, from Wisconsin, Agent DeBates was a graduate of the 403rd session of the Border Patrol Academy. A four-year veteran of the Border Patrol, Agent DeBates was assigned to the Casa Grande Station, on detail to the Ajo Station. Gravesite December 20 Although written about 16 years before the creation of the Border Patrol, this request for an extension of leave without pay contains two names of Border Patrol significance. On December 20, 1908, Jeff Milton (1861-1947) was on annual leave and requested an extension without pay. The memo was to be routed through channels to the Secretary of Labor but was approved by Chief and Father of the Border Patrol Frank Berkshire (1870-1934). December 20, 1954, “Redesigned U.S. Border Patrol badges are approved and for the first time have panel with “SENIOR,” “ASS’T CHIEF,” and “CHIEF” to coincide with the official title. Previously all badges only had Patrol Inspector on them.”
Newton-Azrak Award action anniversary Brady M. Pratt Border Patrol Agent Rio Grande Valley Sector On December 20, 2020, in Petronila, Texas, Border Patrol Agent Brady M. Pratt exhibited extraordinary heroism, earning the prestigious Newton-Azrak Award. His quick actions during a catastrophic highway accident saved two young girls’ lives and demonstrated the highest standards of valor and dedication. The incident involved a sport utility vehicle (SUV) carrying two girls, ages 1 and 8, struck head-on by a sedan. Both vehicles were propelled off the highway into a field, with the sedan igniting and flames spreading to the SUV. Agent Pratt, driving nearby, immediately responded to the scene. After parking his vehicle, he ran across the highway and approached the burning SUV, where he was informed that children were trapped inside. Seeing the girls through the broken rear windshield, Agent Pratt entered the vehicle despite heavy smoke and flames. First, he reached the 8-year-old, who directed him to rescue her younger sister. Struggling to breathe, Pratt maneuvered to the driver’s side, unbuckled the 1-year-old from her car seat, and handed her to a bystander outside. Pratt then returned for the 8-year-old, realizing her leg injury required an alternative exit. He exited the SUV, approached the rear passenger-side window, and, with the help of a bystander who broke the glass, pulled the girl to safety. He carried her to a safe distance where others attended to her. Undeterred by the flames, Pratt climbed onto the SUV’s roof to check the pulses of the driver and front passenger through the broken sunroof, finding no signs of life. With the scene secured, Pratt withdrew to safety, uninjured but deeply affected by the day’s events. Agent Pratt’s actions that day went above and beyond the call of duty, embodying the essence of the Newton-Azrak Award. His bravery, selflessness, and unwavering commitment to duty serve as an inspiration to all. Border Patrol Agent Brady M. Pratt’s actions brought great credit upon himself and the United States Border Patrol. December 21 On December 21, 1928, three Border Patrol Inspectors were involved in a close-quarters gunfight with four alcohol smugglers in El Paso, Texas. This document which contains several cover memos and sworn statements, describes the encounter where one smuggler was killed, two incapacitated with strikes to the head and one apprehended without injury. Concerning the action, Acting Commissioner-General (and former “Chief” of the Border Patrol) George Harris (1876-1941) wrote: The Bureau is satisfied that the shooting was justified in every way and the officers involved are hereby commended for their good judgment, coolness and self-restraint under most trying conditions. The Patrol Inspectors involved were:
Patrol Inspector David Smith was one of a dozen Border Patrolmen, primarily from Miami Sector, who flew to San Antonio de los Baños Airfield, Cuba, on December 21, 1962, to pre-screen 1,113 Cuban Freedom Fighters who had been captured by the Castro government after the failed Bay of Pigs invasion.
December 8 - December 14Welcome to another This Week in USBP History! This week, we delve into the rich history of the U.S. Border Patrol, reflecting on moments of bravery, dedication, and sacrifice that continue to define its legacy. On December 11, 1924, General Order 42 formally established the first Border Patrol uniform policy, introducing the forest green uniforms, Pershing hats, and riding breeches that symbolized the agency’s identity. These early decisions laid the foundation for the uniforms we recognize today. We also honor the heroic actions of agents who made the ultimate sacrifice. Patrol Inspector Frank H. Clark was tragically ambushed and killed by smugglers on December 13, 1924, near El Paso, Texas. Senior Patrol Inspector James G. Burns passed away on December 8, 1968, after suffering a fatal heart attack while conducting strenuous line watch operations in Calexico, California. We remember Patrol Agent in Charge Michael W. Barnes, who lost his life to a heart attack on December 12, 1996, while pursuing a group of migrants in Carrizo Springs, Texas. This week also marks the somber anniversary of Border Patrol Agent Brian A. Terry’s passing on December 15, 2010. Agent Terry, a BORTAC member, was fatally shot during an encounter with armed individuals near Rio Rico, Arizona. His bravery and ultimate sacrifice are remembered through the renaming of the Naco Border Patrol Station and his posthumous Newton-Azrak Award. Join us in exploring these stories of heroism, history, and the enduring legacy of the U.S. Border Patrol. Enjoy and have a great week! Cliff P.S. - As an open and continuous invitation to current and former USBP employees, I am always accepting photos to post in the USBP Photo Galleries and in the Upholding Honor First pages. I sure would appreciate you visiting those pages and sending me anything that you think I could post (just send them to [email protected]). As always, make sure to explore all of the hyperlinks to the documents and pages. Finally, please forward this blog to whomever you think may enjoy it. THIS WEEK'S USBP ANNIVERSARIES AND MILESTONESDecember 8
Line of Duty Death anniversary James G. Burns Date of Birth: July 31, 1924 Entered on Duty: June 8, 1955 Title: Senior Patrol Inspector End of Watch: December 8, 1968 Details: Official reports covering the death of Senior Patrol Inspector James G. Burns indicated he was performing line watch operations, looking for evidence of illegal aliens in a river bottom near Calexico, California, on Sunday, December 8, 1968. He was searching places of concealment in heavy undergrowth, which was exceptionally strenuous activity and required considerable physical exertion. At 6:30 a.m., he began to suffer pains in the chest area, which prompted him to immediately return to the office. He was taken home by another officer and was then conveyed to the El Centro Community Hospital by his wife. He passed away at 8:25 a.m., less than two hours after being stricken. Death was caused by an occlusion of the left coronary artery due to arteriosclerosis. Gravesite December 9 This document contains two separate gunfights that occurred on December 9, 1927 in El Paso between Border Patrol Inspectors and smugglers. No injuries were reported in either gunfight.
December 10
December 11 On December 11, 1924, General Order 42, Uniforms – Border Patrol was implemented, laying the foundation of the uniform that exists today.
December 11, 2016, “During Attorney General Janet Reno's memorial service at the Kendall Campus of Miami-Dade College, the U.S. Border Patrol Color Guard played a prominent role. They began the ceremony by presenting the colors and then meticulously folded the American flag, presenting it to the family as a mark of respect.”
December 12 On December 12, 1929, the Commissioner of Prohibition sent a request to the Commissioner-General of Immigration asking for a list of all employees conducting “immigration border patrol” work. The response to that request, included in this document, is the earliest, most complete roster of Border Patrol employees known to exist. Line of Duty Death anniversary Michael W. Barnes Date of Birth: April 7, 1951 Entered on Duty: March 14, 1976 Title: Patrol Agent in Charge End of Watch: December 12, 1996 Details: On December 12, 1996, about 4:00 p.m., Border Patrol Agents were working on a trail on the Chittum Ranch in Carrizo Springs, Texas, assisted by a Del Rio Sector pilot. They spotted a group of about 13 illegal aliens, who ran when the agents approached them. Agents Barnes apprehended five of the aliens and turned them over to Agent Tapia. He began trying to apprehend the remainder of the group. The pilot spotted the group running along a creek bottom and was guiding agents toward the area. Agent Barnes was within about 50 yards of them when the pilot stated over the radio that Agent Barnes had gone down. He radioed Agent Barnes, but there was no response. When he notified the other agents in the area of the situation, they started making their way to assist him. About 4:32 p.m., Agent Tapia found Agent Barnes face down. Agents determined that he was not breathing and had no pulse. They immediately started performing CPR. Pilot Snyder radioed for an ambulance and a helicopter. Agent Barnes was placed in an INS Bronco and transported to the ambulance. About 5:38 p.m., a helicopter took off with Agents Barnes and Guzman for a hospital in San Antonio, arriving at 6:13 p.m. At 6:25 p.m., a doctor advised Agent Barnes had died. The medical examiner’s office determined he had suffered a massive heart attack. Agent Barnes was born in San Antonio and grew up in Pearsall, Texas. He served as a Supervisor, Assistant Patrol Agent in Charge and Patrol Agent in Charge at the Carrizo Springs Station. Gravesite December 13 On December 3, 1913, an announcement was issued for the position of “Junior Inspector”. This announcement would become significant in USBP history in August 1924. In 1924, Border Patrol Inspectors had no immigration authority. By law, this authority was vested in employees titled 'Immigrant Inspectors', who received higher pay than Border Patrol Inspectors. To grant Border Patrol Inspectors legal authority without increasing their pay, the Commissioner-General proposed a solution. He wrote to the Second Assistant Secretary of the Department of Labor, suggesting the revival of a 1913 plan used for Mounted Watchmen, which would involve renaming Border Patrol Inspectors as 'Junior Immigrant Inspectors. See this August 1924 document. Line of Duty Death anniversary Frank H. Clark Date of Birth: January 4, 1879 Entered on Duty: August 5, 1924 Title: Patrol Inspector End of Watch: December 13, 1924 Details: While patrolling in company with another officer near Cordova Island, El Paso, Texas, on the evening of December 13, 1924, Patrol Inspector Clark was shot and killed by smuggler's spotters. They had concealed themselves at a strategic point on the American side of the international boundary line for the purpose of warning and protecting the smugglers should the presence of officers be detected. When the smugglers were challenged by the Patrol Inspectors, the spotters opened fire from ambush, and one of the shots hit Patrol Inspector Clark. His death was instantaneous. Other officers quickly took positions in concealment surrounding the scene of the action and remained there through the night. They found sacks containing illegal liquor, and they took into custody a Mexican family found on the scene searching the premises in the early morning. One of these Mexicans, Eulalio Aguilar, was subsequently indicted on charge of murder, convicted and given a 10- year sentence. Survivor benefits - As per this document, his wife received $65 per month until their two children turned 18, then $49 per month. Gravesite On December 13, 1930, in El Paso, Texas, three Border Patrol Inspectors encountered three alcohol smugglers. Upon seeing the Border Patrol Inspectors, the smugglers abandoned their load of alcohol and retreated across the river to Mexico. Once in Mexico, the smugglers fired on the Inspectors with a pistol and a rifle. The Border Patrol Inspectors fired back. In total, approximately 35 rounds were exchanged, with no injuries reported. See this cover memo and sworn statement. The Inspectors involved in the shooting were:
December 14 On December 14, 1944, El Paso Chief Patrol Inspector Griffith J. McBee (1896-1972) sent his boss, El Paso District Director Grover W. Wilmoth (1884-1951), a memo describing the toxic relationship between the Customs Border Patrol and the Immigration Border Patrol. This poor relationship and lack of coordination were evident in the following quote:
Line of Duty Death anniversary/ Newton-Azrak Award action anniversary Brian A. Terry - photo Date of Birth August 11, 1970 Entered on Duty: July 23, 2007 Title: Border Patrol Agent End of Watch: December 15, 2010 Posthumously Awarded Details: On December 14, 2010, Border Patrol Agent Brian A. Terry, a member of the Border Patrol Tactical Unit (BORTAC), was conducting operations near Rio Rico, Arizona, approximately 15 miles north of Nogales. In the area known as 'Peck Wells,' Agent Terry and his team encountered a group of five individuals, at least two of whom were armed with rifles. An encounter ensued and shots were exchanged. During this tragic incident, Agent Terry was mortally wounded and succumbed to his injuries on December 15, 2010. A native of Flat Rock, Michigan, Agent Terry served with distinction in the United States Marine Corps and as a police officer in the cities of Ecorse and Lincoln Park before joining the United States Border Patrol. Assigned to the Naco Border Patrol Station within the Tucson Sector, he was a dedicated member of the 699th Session of the Border Patrol Academy. Agent Terry's sacrifice is deeply mourned by his mother, father, stepmother, stepfather, brother, and two sisters. In his honor, the Naco Border Patrol Station was renamed to commemorate his service. Agent Terry was posthumously awarded the prestigious Newton-Azrak Award for his bravery and commitment to duty. Gravesite December 1 - December 7Welcome to another This Week in USBP History! This week, we reflect on remarkable moments that shaped the U.S. Border Patrol’s history, celebrate its enduring legacy, and honor the sacrifices of those who served. On December 1, 1913, Jeff Milton, a legendary lawman, was promoted to Immigration Inspector. His fearless dedication and rugged independence inspired generations of Border Patrol Inspectors. A December 7, 1931, memo highlights how the Patrol’s long-standing emphasis on marksmanship strengthened its operational readiness, with detailed scores showcasing its agents’ competitive spirit. We also delve into key historical events, such as President Hoover’s December 2, 1930, address to Congress, where he underscored the importance of strengthening the Border Patrol to combat smuggling and enforce immigration laws during the Great Depression. Meanwhile, a December 3, 1929, proposal sheds light on early border fencing concepts, offering detailed designs and costs. This week, we remember and honor those who made the ultimate sacrifice. Patrol Inspector Doyne C. Melton was tragically killed in a gunfight with smugglers on December 7, 1933, in El Paso. Border Patrol Agent Raul Gonzalez Jr. lost his life on December 7, 2022, in an ATV accident while patrolling the border near Mission, Texas. Their sacrifices, along with others who have fallen, remind us of the daily risks taken to secure our nation. Join us in this week’s blog as we uncover stories of bravery, evolution, and service that continue to define the U.S. Border Patrol. Enjoy and have a great week! Cliff P.S. - As an open and continuous invitation to current and former USBP employees, I am always accepting photos to post in the USBP Photo Galleries and in the Upholding Honor First pages. I sure would appreciate you visiting those pages and sending me anything that you think I could post (just send them to [email protected]). As always, make sure to explore all of the hyperlinks to the documents and pages. Finally, please forward this blog to whomever you think may enjoy it. THIS WEEK'S USBP ANNIVERSARIES AND MILESTONESDecember 1
On December 1, 1913, {Jeff} Milton (1861-1947) was promoted/converted to an Immigration Inspector and reassigned to Fairbank, Arizona. He remained in this position until officially transferred to Tombstone, Arizona, on November 10, 1931, where he retired on June 30, 1932 at the age 71. A few years earlier, when asked if Jeff Milton should continue working for the Immigration and Nationalization Service or be forced to retire, Assistant Commissioner General George J. Harris stated:
On December 1, 1927, a gunfight occurred in El Paso between two Border Patrol Inspectors and alcohol smugglers. This document describes the encounter. The Patrol Inspectors were:
This December 1, 1931 document from the Seattle District is in response to an earlier and unfound memo from the Central Office (Immigration Service HQ). The document defines a shooter qualifying “expert” as having attained “80%”. The document lists the names and scores of the Inspectors that qualified as experts. This comprehensive collection of documents from December 1933 reveals the locations and manpower of the nine-year-old USBP. These five pages of sketches and notes were found at the National Archives surrounded by documents from 1938. The documents appear to be the notes concerning updating the USBP uniform and includes insignia, with a note from "Ernie" humorously associating the silver bar with a 'jackass'.. Most importantly is on page five which is believed to be the earliest sketch of what would become the U.S. Border Patrol Patch. See the HonorFirst History Page for more information. On December 1, 1954, a memo was written concerning the wearing of military ribbons on the Border Patrol uniform. It was reported, “…the Department of Defense does view with favor the wearing of ribbons on police uniforms”. Atlanta Federal Penitentiary, Georgia - On December 1, 1987, Patrol Agents assigned to BORTAC and Sector Emergency Response Teams were pulled from the Oakdale Facility and deployed to the Atlanta Federal Penitentiary where the Cuban prisoners had taken control of a portion of the facility. The riot at the Atlanta Federal Penitentiary had started two days after the Oakdale riot began.
December 2 In his December 2, 1930, Annual Address to Congress on the State of the Union, President Hoover focused on addressing the Great Depression and how the government could combat it. President Hoover stated, “forces of the depression now lie outside of the United States, and our recuperation has been retarded by the unwarranted degree of fear and apprehension created by these outside forces.” A measure included in the State of the Union under proposed legislation was action to address foreign influences through a:
On December 2, 1954, a new Border Patrol uniform policy was issued. The policy also identifies Border Patrol field ranks/positions of the time.
December 3 On December 3, 1929, Grover Wilmoth (1884-1951), the District Director of the El Paso District (Tucson, El Paso and Big Bend Sub-districts), authored a proposal to build a border fence. The proposal goes into great detail concerning costs and design. A photograph (courtesy of the Border Patrol Museum) of a Border Patrol training class in session from December 3, 1934, to March 17, 1935, is recognized as marking the birthdate of the USBP Academy. It remains unclear whether Camp Chigas had been used by the El Paso District (encompassing the Tucson, El Paso, and Big Bend Sub-districts) for training district employees prior to this photograph. However, the idea of establishing a national academy was being discussed and researched as early as 1934, as indicated in related this document and this document. While records do not specify the exact date when Camp Chigas began training all new Border Patrol hires and thereby became the national Academy, documents from 1936 support the occurrence of this transition On December 3, 1934, the District Director for St. Paul sent a memo to Willard Kelly (1903-1969), the Chief of the Border Patrol. Kelly was the first Border Patrol Inspector to have become Chief, serving from 1933 to 1943. The memo addressed the Border Patrol Inspectors' decision, made through a vote, to discontinue wearing boots or puttees in favor of slacks during the summer months. Slacks would be authorized on the northern border in 1936. December 4 During the late 1920’s and early 1930’s, there were numerous bills introduced in the house concerning the USBP. Some would have the Patrol merge and fall under the Coast Guard. H.R. 6318 from December 4, 1929, would have the Patrol be an agency. December 5 On December 5, 1940, a memo was written describing the urgent need for space for the Rouses Point Sub-district headquarters. Evidently, the proposed improvements in this memo from April 1, 1935 were not implemented. The official U.S. Border Patrol flag, pennant, and streamers were designed with the assistance of the U.S. Army Institute of Heraldry under the direction of Assistant Chief Beaumet. Chief Gustavo De La Vina made the following request of the INS Commissioner:
December 6 This document contains a cover memo and three sworn statements concerning a gunfight that occurred on December 6, 1929. El Paso Sub-district Chief Patrol Inspector Herbert Horsley (1878-1962) authored the cover memo addressed to his superior, El Paso District Director Grover Wilmoth (1884-1951). The three sworn statements were taken from the following Border Patrol Inspectors that had engaged in the gunfight:
December 6, 2005, “Operation Streamline is initiated in Del Rio, Texas. Operation Streamline is a consequence-based prosecution program designed to attain effective operational control of the border by conducting focused prosecutions within defined enforcement areas. Operation Streamline targets illegal immigrants apprehended in specific enforcement zones for immediate prosecution for illegal entry. Violators face punishment of up to 180 days in jail. Additionally, deportation procedures are initiated to formally remove the individual once they complete their jail sentence. The program was expanded in subsequent years to the Border Patrol’s Yuma Sector in Arizona, the Laredo Sector in Texas, and the Rio Grande Valley Sector in Texas. Operation Streamline resulted in an increase in criminal prosecutions and a reduction in apprehensions.”
December 7 On December 7, 1931, Assistant Superintendent L. Antonio Bonazzi (1890-1950) sent a memo memo to the Commissioner of Immigration for the Montreal District, detailing the competitive shooting scores of the Border Patrol Inspectors in the district. This memo was subsequently forwarded to the Commissioner-General of the Bureau of Immigration. The memo is interesting for several reasons:
Line of Duty Death anniversary Doyne C. Melton Date of Birth: January 17, 1902 Entered on Duty: October 29, 1927 Title: Patrol Inspector End of Watch: December 7, 1933 Details: Patrol Inspector Doyne C. Melton was shot and killed in a battle with Mexican smugglers at El Paso, on December 7, 1933. Six Patrol Inspectors were moving up in the darkness on seventeen Mexican smugglers who were wading across the river with packs of liquor. One of three smugglers acting as spotters who had preceded the main body of the smugglers over the river, concealed beneath a platform on the American side, opened hostilities by shooting Inspector Melton. The opening shot was fired without warning and before any challenge had been given. Inspector Melton was shot through the heart, dying instantly. The bitterness of the fight was evidenced by the fact that in addition to the slaying of Inspector Melton, four smugglers were killed and another was wounded. Survivor benefits - As per this document, his wife received $54.25 per month. Gravesite On December 7, 1937, El Paso District Director Grover Wilmoth (1884-1951) wrote a memo to three of his subordinates, the Chief Patrol Inspectors of the Tucson, El Paso and Alpine Sub-districts. Evidently, Border Patrol Inspectors in the district had doubts concerning their authority to stop vehicles. Wilmoth provided a quote from a federal case from the Southern District of Texas that shows the support from the judiciary for the USBP to stop vehicles. It’s a long quote, below is the last sentence:
Line of Duty Death anniversary Raul Gonzalez Jr. Date of Birth: October 31, 1984 Entered on Duty: August 11, 2011 Title: Border Patrol Agent End of Watch: December 7, 2022 Details: Border Patrol Agent Gonzalez entered on duty on August 11, 2011, as part of 980th Session of the Border Patrol Academy. At the time of his passing he was assigned to the McAllen Station in the Rio Grande Valley Sector, Texas Agent Gonzalez was patrolling the international boundary at approximately 1 AM on an all-terrain vehicle and tracking a group of individuals which illegally crossed the border when he was involved in an accident near Mission, Texas. He was found unresponsive by fellow agents who immediately initiated life-saving efforts and requested emergency medical services. Agent Gonzalez was taken to an area hospital be ambulance where he later passed away. BPA Gonzalez is survived by his five-year-old daughter, Camila; eight-year-old son, Sebastian; father, Raul; brother, Carlos; grandmother, Maria; aunt, Victoria; stepmother, Esther; uncles who are Border Patrol agents, Lucio and Miguel; girlfriend, CBP Officer Ivonne; and a host of family and friends who loved him. Gravesite |
Clifford GillBlog author, retired U.S. Border Patrol Assistant Chief and, current U.S. Border Patrol employee advocate. Ray HarrisSite founder and owner, former Supervisory Border Patrol Agent and retired Immigration Special Agent. Joseph BancoU.S. Border Patrol historian and retired Deputy Chief Patrol Agent. Archives
February 2025
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