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Picture

This Week in USBP History, Vol. 50

8/14/2022

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August 14 - August 20

Good morning!
 
Welcome to another This Week in USBP History! 
 
Before jumping into the focus of today's introduction, let me highlight that the U.S. Border Patrol has recently presented the Newton-Azrak Award to two agents, recognizing them for performing beyond the call of duty while facing grave danger:
  • Border Patrol Agent (BORTAC) John N. Leslie was recognized for a July 31, 2021 action in which he rescued an unconscious person from a burning vehicle.
  • Border Patrol Agent Jason Robbins was recognized for a July 20, 2021 action in which he rescued an unconscious motorcycle crash victim from a busy freeway.
 
Please see the HonorFirst Newton-Azrak Award Page​ for more information about the award and its recipients.

Last week was the 80th anniversary of the U.S. Border Patrol patch. We know that because the date (August 5, 1942) is on the original blueprint (follow this link for a large photo).  But, very few people know that the only two copies of the blueprint known to exist (they are actually lithographs) were almost thrown away to be lost forever! Let me briefly share how they were saved, with a special thanks to Joe Banco for passing the story to me (Hopefully, Joe puts a more detailed story in Volume III).
 
In 2003, with the Immigration and Naturalization Service being dissolved and creation of DHS and CBP, the Border Patrol was relocating its HQ and HQ personnel from the Chester Arthur Building to the Ronald Reagan Building (both in Washington DC).  As part of the move, the USBP HQ staff (only about 20 or so), were discarding and throwing away many old and dated items.  Thankfully, one of the staff, Dan Harris Jr., had a keen eye and saved two lithographs of the blueprint for the USBP patch!  If it were not for Dan, an irreplaceable portion of USBP history would have been lost forever!  The Patrol owes him an immeasurable debt of gratitude!
 
Dan will forever be remembered in USBP history.  His twenty-five year career in the Patrol was marked with success after success, and achievement after achievement.  He was instrumental in laying the foundation of what would evolve to be the USBP Honorary Awards and the creation USBP Honor Guard. He served in multiple sectors and eventually retired as the Chief Patrol Agent of the U.S. Border Patrol Academy. 
 
When Dan took command of the Academy after having been the Chief Patrol Agent of Blaine Sector, Commissioner Kerlikowske said this about him:  
 
Before I praise Chief Harris’ accomplishments, I want to share a bit of his personal family background with you. Chief Harris is a sixth-generation law enforcement officer. Think about that for a minute – that’s well more than a century of law enforcement “DNA” – so it’s probably an understatement to say he was born into this career path.
 
Chief Harris is also the 14th officer in his family – and was named in honor of his great-grandfather who was shot and killed in the line of duty as a Texas Ranger (Dan Lafayette McDuffie, NLEOM, ODMP, 1883-1931). He’s also a teacher and a mentor; in fact, before he joined the U.S. Border Patrol, he was a San Angelo Texas police officer and Instructor for the South Plains College Criminal Justice Education Center.
 
Chief Harris has risen through the ranks with the U.S. Border Patrol starting with Class 286 in 1995. From his first duty assignment at the El Paso Station as a trainee to his last assignment as Chief Patrol Agent in Blaine, Washington, Chief Harris has dedicated his career and life to the betterment of our agency and profession. He’s worked tirelessly on the evolution and development of the U.S. Border Patrol’s Critical Incident Response Programs evolving them into one of the best programs in the nation. He also served on the transition team that helped stand up the Department of Homeland Security in 2003.
 
In short, Chief Harris is a true leader in integration, teamwork, community engagement, and partnership.
 
Dan was a recipient of numerous awards and recognitions throughout his USBP career including the Newton-Azrak Award and the USBP 75th Anniversary Medal.
 
Not stopping after retiring from the Border Patrol, Dan continues to serve the public as the Stephenville Chief of Police.
 
I've also updated the entry for the USBP patch in the HonorFirst History Page​ with Dan's contribution (see below).
 
The official design of the patch was finalized August 5, 1942.  The earliest evidence of the patch on a Border Patrol uniform is a photograph from 1944.

See this picture* and this document.  

1938 Uniform Sketches​
As research was being conducted, a series of unsigned and undated sketches were discovered surrounded by documents from 1938.  These sketches are believed to be part of discussions that, in part, led to the creation of the U.S. Border Patrol patch.  On page 5 of this document is a sketch shaped like the United States with the words "Border Patrol".  The background color is blue and the lettering is silver.  Following the pattern of the time, there may have been discussions of gold lettering for Chief Patrol Inspectors and above.  Although the original concept was to have a patch that was shaped like the United States, the manufacture of such a complex shape was cost prohibitive at the time.  Therefore, it is believed that the patch shape was changed to a less expensive circle and the outline of the United States sewn onto it.

* A special thanks to the U.S. Border Patrol Academy for providing the 1944 photograph.

 
It should also be noted that in 2003, with the Immigration and Naturalization Service being dissolved and creation of DHS and CBP, the Border Patrol was relocating its HQ and HQ personnel from the Chester Arthur Building to the Ronald Reagan Building (both in Washington DC).  As part of the move, the USBP HQ staff (only about 20 or so), were discarding and throwing away many old and dated items.  Thankfully, one of the staff, Supervisory Border Patrol Agent Dan Harris Jr., had a keen eye and saved two lithographs of the blueprint for the USBP patch!  If it were not for Dan, an irreplaceable portion of USBP history would have been lost forever!  The Patrol owes him an immeasurable debt of gratitude!

I know the phrase might be cliché, but what a huge week in USBP history!
 
This week has mentions of suspected German activity near the border in 1918, and furloughed Mounted Watchmen in 1919. There's a question of the authority of Patrol Inspectors in 1924 and the beginnings of the death of the khaki uniforms in 1953. And, I picked up the torch from Joe Banco with the trademark of "Honor First".
 
We also celebrate the Newton-Azrak Award action anniversaries of nine agents, including two of which who suffered serious gunshot wounds.
 
Finally, we remember two of our fallen on the anniversaries of their deaths, including Lawrence B. Pierce whose loss would be recognized as line-of-duty over two decades after he fell.
 
Have a great week!
 
Cliff
PS - 
  • As an open and continuous invitation to current and former USBP employees, I am always accepting photos to post in the USBP Photo Galleries and in the Upholding Honor First pages.  I sure would appreciate you visiting those pages and sending me anything that you think I could post (just attach them to a reply to this email).
  • As always, make sure to explore all of the hyperlinks to documents and pages.
  • Finally, please forward this blog to whomever you think may enjoy it.

​Esprit de Corps
 
The workplace climate resulting from a combination of organizational pride and employee morale.
  • Organizational pride is the positive feeling experienced by employees from being part of a meaningful team that is rich in history, tradition and culture.
  • Employee morale is the feeling experienced by employee based in part on their perception of:
    • Being valued by the organization,
    • Fairly compensated, and
    • Performing meaningful work.
 
Esprit de corps is reinforced through the shared goals, mission and values of the organization and its employees.

The definition turns Esprit de Corps into a simple formula and defines parts that comprise organizational pride and employee morale.

Esprit de Corps = Organizational Pride + Employee Morale

Esprit de Corps is the key to a healthy organization and engaged employees.

​Honor First is foundational to the Border Patrol's organizational pride and integral to its Esprit de Corps.

Documents/Events

1918
  • On August 15, 1918, future Chief and Father of the Border Patrol Frank Berkshire (1870-1934) wrote a 2-page memo concerning the reported presence of German propaganda along the Mexican border.  In response, Berkshire detailed "...Inspector Harry B. Hannah (1886-1967) to visit Yuma and vicinity, and to conduct a confidential investigation."  Berkshire concluded by stating that the situation "...tends to demonstrate the necessity for a proper border patrol" and suggested that Inspector Hannah’s reports be sent to the Intelligence Division of the Army.
    • In my research at the National Archives, this was the only document that I found that mentioned a concern of German activity on the border.
1919
  • In the 1920 Annual Report of the Commissioner General of Immigration, it was noted that because of a budget deficit, 32 Mounted Watchmen were furloughed on August 18, 1919, for the balance of the fiscal year and that all were either reassigned to other positions or reinstated as vacancies opened by the beginning of the fiscal year on July 1, 1920.
    • From - HONOR FIRST:  The Story of the United States Border Patrol - Volume I by Joseph Banco
1924
  • On August 19, 1924, Spokane District Director Alfred Hampton (1861-1942) wrote a cover memo and included 6-page "Instructions and Suggestions for the Assistance and Guidance of Border Patrol Inspectors". Hampton states, "...considerable doubt and uncertainty exists as to the authority vested in the border patrol officers and the scope of their duties."
1928
  • On August 18, 1928, documents describe that two Patrol Inspectors intercepted has intercepted a vehicle that had just illegally entered the United States at the Tres Jackals Crossing near Faben, Texas. This report involves a Patrol Inspector jumping on the running board of a moving vehicle, the suspect attempting to gain control of the Inspector's rifle then his pistol, and a mysterious bullet hole in the vehicle's tire.
    • Senior Patrol Inspector Harrison C. Pugh (1897-1982) took the sworn statements,
    • Patrol Inspector Roland A, Fisher (1891-?) jumped on the running board of the vehicle to make the arrest,
    • Senior Patrol Inspector Lester R. Dillion (1896-1983) was Fisher's partner and aided in the arrest.
1953
  • On August 18, 1953, Chief of the Border Patrol Harlan B. Carter (1913-1991​), wrote a Memorandum for the Record concerning Border Patrol uniforms.  The memo begins, "Mr. W. F. Kelly has informed me that on his recent trip to California with the Attorney General, and others, one of the very few unfavorable impressions received was that relating to the dress of our officers."
    • W. F. Kelly was Willard F. Kelly (1903-1969) who had been Chief of the Border Patrol 1933-1943.
    • The uniforms were most likely the Army Suntan (khaki) uniforms that had been authorized for wear on the Mexican border.
1954
  • On August 16, 1954, Chief of the Border Patrol Harlan B. Carter wrote memo as summarize in by Joe Banco:
    • The reorganization also impacted the U.S. Border Patrol, beginning with a major shakeup within the Chief Patrol Inspectors. In August 1954, Special Assistant to the Commissioner Partridge (who liked to be referred to as “General” Partridge) had a discussion with Chief Carter about shaking up the Chief Patrol Inspectors, moving the majority of them around, encouraging others to retire, and making some promotions within the ranks. “General” Partridge also wanted to evaluate supervisory promotions and have a say in selection of Assistant Chief Patrol Inspectors and Senior Patrol Inspectors in the field. Chief Carter made recommendations for the Chief Patrol Inspectors, with some moves, but not a complete shake-up. Chief Carter also convinced “General” Partridge that the selections for Assistant Chief Patrol Inspectors and Senior Patrol Inspectors should be “initiated in the field and not at the Central Office (Headquarters).” He reasoned with “General” Partridge that “suggestions” could be made, particularly for the Assistant Chief Patrol Inspector positions, but that the Chief Patrol Inspectors should have the last say in who the supervisors in their sectors were. Chief Carter memorialized the discussions and his recommendations in a memorandum.
      • From - HONOR FIRST:  The Story of the United States Border Patrol - Volume II by Joseph Banco
      • Frank H. Partridge (1893-1994)
  • Another significant directive that Commissioner Swing introduced to the U.S. Border Patrol was a Procedure for Border Patrol Participation in Funeral Services, formally issued on August 17,1954. This milestone document to properly honor our deceased, including Fallen, was prepared by Chief A.S. Hudson of the Central Office. With the directive, procedures to be followed during funerals for members of the U.S. Border Patrol were memorialized for the first time. These included the first formal references to an Honor Guard or Guard of Honor, and a Border Patrol Chaplain.
    • From - HONOR FIRST:  The Story of the United States Border Patrol - Volume II by Joseph Banco
    • Aubrey Slaughter Hudson (1896-1965​)
2010
  • On August 17, 2010, Joe Banco's work came to fruition as the phrase "Honor First" received a trademark. 
    • I had the privilege of building on Joe's foundation as I had the trademark renewed on October 7, 2019.
    • It wasn’t until August 17, 2010, that the term “Honor First” was trademarked with the U.S. Patent and Trademark Office under registration number 3833564. While assigned to U.S. Border Patrol Headquarters, I was tasked by Chief of Staff Robert Lewandowski with the privilege of leading the effort in renewing the trademark for “Honor First,” which was approved on November 11, 2015, and is now valid past the U.S. Border Patrol’s 100th Anniversary in 2024. It is interesting to note that the trademark records the first use of Honor First in commerce as 5-28-1999, reinforcing the limited use of Honor First before the 75th Anniversary.
      • From - HONOR FIRST:  The Story of the United States Border Patrol - Volume I by Joseph Banco

Newton-Azrak Award Action Anniversaries

​Follow this link to see examples of USBP employees Upholding Honor First.
  • An organization’s values are codified in its awards system. Recognizing the achievements, service and heroism of employees is important.  It is critical for those in positions of leadership to value the workforce.  Awards are a fundamental manner for leaders to demonstrate appreciation to the workforce for upholding the organizational values. – U.S. Border Patrol Honorary Awards
1983
 
Paul Conover
Border Patrol Agent
Marfa Sector
Stanley U. Spencer
Senior Patrol Agent
Marfa Sector
Border Patrol Agent Paul Conover and Senior Patrol Agent Stanley U. Spencer were recognized for their exceptional devotion to duty in the face of grave danger, while pursuing a murder suspect attempting entry from Mexico.  On August 17, 1982, Senior Patrol Agent Conover and Senior Patrol Agent Stanley Spencer spotted two individuals crossing the river by boat, and attempted to approach the subjects upon land.  Shots were fired by one of the subjects, wounding Agent Conover.  Spencer returned the fire and then administered first aid to his partner.  Conover was hospitalized for eight weeks while recovering from wounds received in the incident.

 
 
1997
 
Benjamin M. Batchelder
Border Patrol Agent
Swanton Sector
Stephen A. Brooks
Border Patrol Agent 
Swanton Sector
Martin G. Hewson
Border Patrol Agent
Swanton Sector
Border Patrol Agent Benjamin M. Batchelder, Border Patrol Agent Stephen A. Brooks, and Border Patrol Agent Martin G. Hewson were recognized for their heroic actions in assisting a wounded agent during a gun battle with an armed murder suspect that occurred on August 19, 1997.


John C. Pfeifer ​- photo
Patrol Agent In Charge
Swanton Sector
Patrol Agent In Charge Pfeifer was recognized for his heroic actions taken and critical wounds sustained while engaged in a gun battle with an armed murder suspect on August 19, 1997.

 

2006

Ricardo J. Hernandez
Border Patrol Agent
El Paso Sector
Felix Morales III
Border Patrol Agent
El Paso Sector
Border Patrol Agent Ricardo J. Hernandez and Border Patrol Agent Felix Morales were recognized for demonstrating extraordinary courage and valor during the performance of duty on August 15, 2006.  Without regard for their own personal safety, Agents Ricardo J. Hernandez and Felix Morales’ quick response to save a father and his minor children from drowning.  While assigned to the Checkpoint located on New Mexico Highway 195, the agents were approached by a frantic woman who informed them that water had trapped her husband and two children in their submerged SUV.  Agents Hernandez and Morales jumped into the turbulent water and made their way to the vehicle.  Agent Morales was swept down the river while holding one of the children.  He eventually managed to cling to some brush and hand the child to another person at the scene.  Agent Hernandez was able to rescue the other child and father.  The father sustained a leg injury after being struck by the rolling SUV, and the children were treated for exposure and shock.

 
 
2007
Gary L. Ortega Jr.
Border Patrol Agent
El Centro Sector
Border Patrol Agent Gary L. Ortega Jr. was recognized for his selfless dedication to duty to ensure the survival of injured and helpless people. On August 18, 2007, on his return to the Indio Border Patrol Station at the conclusion of his shift at the checkpoint on Highway 86 near Westmoreland, California, Agent Ortega encountered a station wagon that had been involved in a single vehicle accident and had rolled into the median and caught on fire. As he approached the vehicle, one injured woman was near the vehicle on her hands and knees, and he could see two children and an elderly man in the rear seat of the vehicle. Agent Ortega assisted the injured woman away from the burning car and then attempt to gain entry through the doors that were jammed shut. He extricated the two children through the rear hatch and returned to help the elderly man who was trapped inside. As the flames spread from the engine compartment to the passenger compartment, Agent Ortega unsuccessfully attempted to break out the windows. Disregarding his own personal safety and without hesitation, he re-entered the rear of the vehicle, and used his collapsible steel baton to pry the seat enough to allow him to pull the elderly man to safety as the entire vehicle had become engulfed in flames.

USBP Fallen

As of May 16, 2022, the U.S. Border Patrol has suffered 152* fallen.
Titles:
  • 3 Mounted Watchmen fell before 1924 and are carried as Border Patrol fallen
  • 48 Border Patrol Inspectors fell between 1924 and 1970
  • 100 Border Patrol Agents have fallen since 1970
  • 1 Enforcement Analysis Specialist
The names that appear below hold a place of honor. They have made the ultimate sacrifice in an effort to fulfill the oath each officer took to protect and defend the United States of America.

The facts regarding each officer are presented without major editing of the "language of the day" found in the reports detailing the circumstances of each event. This is done to provide the reader an association with historical timeframes.

Employees who died in the line of duty due to being exposed to deadly illnesses will not have the cause of death listed.

*With the exception of two of the fallen immediately below, all names are listed (or in the process of being included) on the official Honor Roll of U.S. Border Patrol Fallen and inscribed on the National Law Enforcement Officers Memorial.  The U.S. Border Patrol should fix these discrepancies. HonorFirst.com honors both of the fallen.
  • Joe R. White - He is recognized as officially fallen by the U.S. Border Patrol but his name is not inscribed on the National Law Enforcement Officer Memorial.
  • John Charles Gigax - He is not recognized as officially fallen by Customs and Border Protection or the U.S. Border Patrol. He is remembered by all except his own agency with his name is inscribed on the:
    • National Law Enforcement Officer Memorial (see this link),
    • Officer Down memorial Page (see this link), and
    • Texas Peace Officer's Memorial (see this link).
1995
 
Lawrence B. Pierce
Date of Birth                 September 2, 1946
Entered on Duty:          June 23, 1980
Title:                             Supervisory Border Patrol Agent
End of Watch:              August 17, 1995
 
Details:
 On August 17, 1995, while off-duty in Chula Vista, California, Supervisory Border   Patrol Agent Lawrence B. Pierce witnessed an altercation where an innocent man was stabbed to death.  Agent Pierce chased down the killer, identified himself as a law enforcement officer, and while attempting to disarm the killer he suffered wounds that resulted in his tragic death.  The killer was apprehended, convicted of murder, and was sentenced to 39 years to life in prison.
 
Agent Pierce entered on duty with the U.S. Border Patrol on June 23, 1980, as a member of the 137th session of the Border Patrol Academy, and was assigned to the Campo Station in the San Diego Sector.  Agent Pierce was a U.S. Marine Corps veteran and had served with the United States Border Patrol for over 15 years.

​Gravesite
 
 
2021
 
Ricardo Zarate
Entered on Duty:          February 12, 2009
Title:                              Border Patrol Agent
End of Watch:               August 16, 2021

Details:
Agent Zarate entered on duty on February 12, 2009, as part of the 922nd Session of the Border Patrol Academy.  At the time of his passing, he was assigned to the McAllen Station in the Rio Grande Valley Sector in Texas. The circumstances of his passing were reviewed by an executive panel and the CBP Commissioner who determined that this death occurred in the line of duty.

He is survived by his wife: Crystal; children: Payton and Ezekiel; parents : Benito and Diana; and brothers: Benito Jr., Isaac, and Rodolfo.

​Gravesite​
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    Clifford Gill

    Blog author, retired U.S. Border Patrol Assistant Chief and, current U.S. Border Patrol employee advocate.

    ​Read more about Cliff here.


    Ray Harris

    Site founder and owner, former Senior Patrol Agent and retired Immigration Special Agent.

    ​Read more about Ray here.


    Joseph Banco

    U.S. Border Patrol historian and retired Deputy Chief Patrol Agent.

    ​Read more about Joe here.


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