Introduction
A whistleblower, often regarded as the moral compass of an organization, holds a pivotal position in promoting transparency and ensuring accountability. The bravery in voicing concerns against malpractices not only preserves the integrity of the Border Patrol but also ignites a wave of positive change. This post explores a significant whistleblowing instance within the Border Patrol, highlighting how this courageous act was instrumental in driving crucial reforms, fortifying the agency's foundations, and enhancing its operational efficiency.

Whistleblowers: The Catalysts for Change
Central to each act of whistleblowing is a robust moral compass that drives individuals to highlight practices straying from ethical and legal standards. Within the Border Patrol and the broader Department of Homeland Security, whistleblowers have been pivotal in unearthing areas of concern. Their collective voice has set the stage for much-needed reforms, illuminating the path towards enhanced accountability and operational efficiency.

Navigating the Waters of Reform
A significant chapter in promoting organizational accountability unfolded with the collective whistleblowing efforts surrounding the misuse of Administratively Uncontrollable Overtime (AUO) across the Department of Homeland Security, including within the Border Patrol. These whistleblowers pointed out the potential misuse of AUO claims to augment employees' paychecks and future retirement benefits, under a veil of managerial approval. While the subsequent investigation found inadequate documentation to fully confirm the allegations, it nonetheless spotlighted areas needing reform. This collective whistleblowing initiative, though not entirely validated, ignited a pathway towards substantial reform, fostering a more accountable and transparent operational framework within the Border Patrol.

From Revelation to Reform
​The whistleblowers' disclosures across the Department of Homeland Security catalyzed a thorough investigation, with the Office of Special Counsel (OSC) playing a pivotal role in forwarding these concerns. A notable case, identified as DI-14-1093 and centered in Washington, D.C., was closed on March 11, 2015, showcasing significant results. The outcomes included changes in agency rules, regulations, policy, or practices, other actions taken, and notable cost savings to the government, underscoring the level of accountability fostered through these efforts.

The DHS Office of Inspector General (OIG) conducted an in-depth probe that substantiated the concerns surrounding the misuse of Administratively Uncontrollable Overtime (AUO). The findings revealed inconsistencies and a lack of clarity in claiming AUO, echoing the whistleblowers’ concerns. In a decisive response to these findings, Customs and Border Protection (CBP) Commissioner R. Gil Kerlikowske implemented a plan to address the issue of AUO abuse. This plan included the de-authorization of AUO not just for Border Patrol Headquarters positions, but for many positions across CBP, marking a significant stride towards eradicating the identified inconsistencies.

​This action ushered in a new era of enhanced operational transparency and financial accountability within the Border Patrol and CBP at large, showcasing the tangible positive change that can emerge from the courageous actions of whistleblowers. For a deeper understanding of this case, readers can refer to the Letter to the President, the Agency Report, and the Case Summary provided by the OSC.

This week, we take a closer look at several key events in U.S. Border Patrol history. Beginning in 1918, the Father of the Border Patrol, Frank Berkshire, submitted his final proposal for the creation of the Border Patrol, envisioning a force of 264 Border Patrolmen for the southern border. Transitioning to 1924, a memo highlights the confusion regarding the authorities of Border Patrol Inspectors, which would be clarified with the passage of the Immigration Act of 1925. Moving to 1930, a gunfight in El Paso involved three Border Patrol Inspectors and an individual known as "Chato," shedding light on the dangerous nature of border enforcement. In 1959, in response to activities following the Cuban Revolution, Operation Pressure was initiated to manage the illegal entry of Cuban nationals and illicit traffic between the U.S. and Cuba, showcasing the Border Patrol's adaptability in addressing geopolitical challenges. Additionally, in 1992, a redesign of the shoulder epaulets for the supervisory corps marked a significant change in the Border Patrol uniform, reflecting the evolving identity of the agency. Join us as we continue to explore these occurrences, and much more, that have significantly contributed to the evolution of the U.S. Border Patrol.

This week, we honor two agents on the anniversary of their Newton-Azrak Award actions.

During this week, we solemnly remember two of our fallen on the anniversaries of their deaths. 

Enjoy and have a great week!

​Cliff
P.S. - As an open and continuous invitation to current and former USBP employees, I am always accepting photos to post in the USBP Photo Galleries and in the Upholding Honor First pages. I sure would appreciate you visiting those pages and sending me anything that you think I could post (just send them to [email protected]). As always, make sure to explore all of the hyperlinks to the documents and pages. Finally, please forward this blog to whomever you think may enjoy it.

Witness the precise locale of Camp Chigas as this composition superimposes aerial visuals from 1955 over a 2014 map. Nestled just north of the U.S./Mexican border, the green circle pinpoints the enduring presence of this Border Patrol facility.

1918

• On November 3, 1918, future Chief and Father of the Border Patrol Frank Berkshire (1870-1934), submitted his final proposal for the creation of the Border Patrol.  In this proposal, Berkshire was instructed to submit absolute minimums.  He proposed a force of 264 Border Patrolmen for the southern border which would incorporate all Mounted Watchmen.  This proposal would be approved by the Acting Secretary on November 12, 1918.  However, implementation wouldn't occur until 1924 after several years of interdepartmental meetings and once funding was received (pg 240).

1924

• A memo dated October 30, 1924 illustrates the confusion concerning the authorities of Border Patrol Inspectors (BPI).  Concerning BPIs enforcing Prohibition and Customs laws, the United States Attorney writes, "Whether the immigration officer should assist in the enforcement of the other two laws above mentioned, is to my mind, a question of policy to be decided by your chief superior officer."  However, with the passage of the Immigration Act of 1925, BPIs were given law enforcement powers (see Sections 235 and 287, (sound familiar?)).  Further, with the implementation of General Order 63 on March 29, 1926, the Assistant Secretary of the Department of Labor and the Commissioner-General authorized Immigration and Border Patrol Officers to enforce laws other than immigration laws.

1925

• In one of the earliest references to a Border Patrol intelligence unit, the District Director of the Detroit District wrote a memo to the Commissioner-General on November 3, 1925, concerning the excellent results of a sub-district's "so-called "Intelligence Division".
• On November 4, 1925, a vender wrote a memo to the Commissioner-General concerning Border Patrol and Immigrant Inspector uniforms.

1930

• On November 1, 1930, a gunfight occurred in El Paso between three Border Patrol Inspectors and a person known as "Chato".  This document contains a cover memo and a sworn statement of one of the Border Patrol Inspectors. Chato was wounded and is suspected to have died in Mexico due to his wounds.
  • Patrol Inspector Richard R. Coscia
    • Coscia would leave the Patrol and later be convicted of impersonating a federal officer in 1931.  He used his Border Patrol uniform to stop a person that was smuggling alcohol.  He told the smuggler to run away, stole the alcohol and was subsequently arrested.
  • Patrol Inspector Charles E. Gardiner (1903-1995)
  • Patrol Inspector Curtis D. Mosley

 

1932

• In 1932, Frank Berkshire (The Father of the Border Patrol) was the Director of the Canadian Border District (which was the northern border Chief of the Border Patrol at the time).  On November 1, 1932, Berkshire wrote a memo to the Commissioner-General expressing his approval for a new uniform coat..

1936

• It is believed that by 1936 it was known that portions of the Department of Labor were going to be transferred to the Department of Justice.  This memo, written November 2, 1936 by the Deputy Commissioner of the Immigration and Naturalization Service (INS), is his response to the INS losing the Border Patrol, most likely in response one of the proposals to such a transfer.
  • They don't write like this anymore - In reply to your letter of the 27th ultimo, it is a rather difficult task to so untangle the strands that bind the Border Patrol to other branches of the Service into a single unit as to arrive at any accurate measure of added staff necessities with the Border Patrol arm of the Service removed.

1940

• In this October 30, 1940 memo, the Chief Patrol Inspector Carson Morrow (1896-1959) of the Tucson Sub-district writes his boss, the District Director of the El Paso District, recommending locations to create Border Patrol "outposts" and includes a diagram of the facilities.
• On October 31, 1940, the Chief Patrol Inspector Earl Fallis (1894-1977) of the Big Bend Sub-district wrote a memo to the El Paso District Director containing his suggestions for outpost stations and their designs.

1959

• In response, INS Commissioner Joseph M. Swing (1894-1984) designated the Chief Patrol Inspector of the Tampa Sector as the lead coordinator for a task force operation that was designated as Operation Pressure, with the objective “to cope with the illegal entry of Cuban nationals and the illicit traffic of aliens, arms and ammunition between the United States and Cuba.” Forty-eight Patrol Inspectors, eight Border Patrol Pilots, four aircraft, and 27 sedans were immediately moved to Tampa Sector to supplement the forces currently in the Sector. The main contingent of Patrol Inspectors was transported from Brownsville, TX, to Tampa, FL, eighteen hours after the notice went out on October 29, 1959. A week later, Operation Pressure would morph into Operation Skyward after Attorney General William Pierce Rogers (1913-2001) enacted Presidential Directive 3004 and directed the Department of Justice to lead the operations to counter efforts to destabilize the region and put into effect measures to prevent the smuggling of aliens and contraband.
  • From - HONOR FIRST:  The Story of the United States Border Patrol - Volume II by Joseph Banco

• After Fidel Castro succeeded in taking over the Cuban Government in January 1959, anti-Castro Cubans and, in some cases, U.S. citizens, used Florida airports to carry out hostile activity against Cuba, thereby causing embarrassment to the U.S. November 1, 1959, the U.S. Attorney General was directed to prevent the departure of persons, including by air, from the U.S. to Cuba, who appeared to be departing for the purpose of starting or furthering civil strife in that country. The responsibility for preventing departure of unauthorized flights was assigned to the Border Patrol.
  • From - HONOR FIRST:  The Story of the United States Border Patrol - Volume II by Joseph Banco

1992

• The shoulder epaulets for the supervisory corps of the U.S. Border Patrol would see a redesign in 1992. The redesign would be a complete change of the center design and eagle top from that worn for the last five decades. Gone was the IMMIGRATION BORDER PATROL lettering replaced with BORDER PATROL...  On November 4, 1992, Michael Williams, Chief, U.S. Border Patrol, would issue a memorandum on Uniform Insignia Policy, which would spell out the new requirements and reenforce the placement of insignia on the U.S. Border Patrol uniform. The memorandum would also address the changes to the Administrative Manual to reflect the revised insignia. Of interest is that the memorandum was issued from Headquarters Border Patrol (HQBOR) reflecting the change from Central Office – Office of Border Patrol (COBOR) as part of the INS reorganization.
  • ​​From - HONOR FIRST: The Story of the United States Border Patrol - Volume Three 1975-1999​ by Joseph Banco​

Authors Note - Recently, the U.S. Border Patrol revised its uniform policy. Under the revision, shoulder ornaments are no longer worn on the Class C uniform, which is designated for rough duty. Shoulder ornaments were defined in the very first Border Patrol uniform and were worn by all Border Patrol Inspectors from 1924 until the early 1940s, where they became a symbol of rank. For the first time in 99 years, shoulder ornaments are not worn on the Border Patrol's work uniform. As a Border Patrol historian, this change is deeply disheartening as a direct connection to the Patrol's earliest years is partially severed. I believe that this change was made without knowledge or reference, by the decision-makers, to the role of shoulder ornaments throughout USBP history.

1999

Jesus E. De La Vega
Supervisory Border Patrol Agent 
El Centro Sector
On November 2, 1999 at about 11:20 PM, Supervisory Border Patrol Agent Jesus E. De La Vega was patrolling the border area along Interstate Highway 8 near Seeley, California. As he turned off the highway, he saw a huge white cloud of smoke covering the ramp.  Through the smoke, he was able to make out a vehicle that had just crashed, rolled over twice, and come to rest on its side. Flames shot out from the front passenger compartment and from under the hood.  
 
Looking for occupants, SBPA De La Vega spied a single male victim, later identified as a Bruce Allen Stanley, who was severely disoriented and desperately attempting to exit the vehicle.  Stanley could make no headway, unable as he was to move his right arm, which had been injured when the vehicle rolled over.  Agent De La Vega asked Mr. Stanley whether any other occupants were in the vehicle. The victim stated that he was the only one. As the flames became more intense, Agent De La Vega, oblivious to his own safety, attempted to open the door of the vehicle, but was initially beaten back by the smoke and heat. After a few more attempts, Agent De La Vega was finally able to pull open the door, release the man’s seat belt, and drag him to safety away from the vehicle, which by then was entirely engulfed in flames.  Agent De La Vega proceeded to administer emergency first aid to Mr. Stanley and make him as comfortable as possible. 
 
Next, he radioed for emergency services, and within minutes, units from the California Highway Patrol, Imperial County Fire Department, and Gold Cross Ambulance had responded. They treated Mr. Stanley for the injuries to his shoulder and arm and for smoke inhalation.  For his part, Agent De La Vega escaped injury. His selfless and heroic actions saved a life and are a true inspiration.


2007

​Tony Miranda
Border Patrol Agent
Yuma Sector
On November 1, 2007, in Wellton, AZ, Agent Miranda observed a house almost completely engulfed in flames. Without regard for his personal safety, he entered the structure through the front door and assisted a woman in a wheelchair to safety. He immediately reentered the house, located a double amputee elderly man, and led him to safety. At that point, Agent Miranda was informed that a mother and two children were still in the house. A third time, he entered through the front door only to find that the ceiling was fully engulfed and that fiery debris was falling on him. As he retreated outside, he was told that the room in which the mother and children were believed to be was on the rear, right side of the house. With the help of a neighbor, Agent Miranda dislodged an air-conditioning unit from the wall, creating an entry point into the room. For a fourth time, Agent Miranda entered the house to save people. He found the room to be full of black smoke, with such intense heat that breathing was nearly impossible. Again, he was forced to retreat. Once outside, Agent Miranda instructed the neighbor to use a nearby garden hose and to douse his uniform with water. For a fifth time, Agent Miranda entered the house. He found the room to be engulfed in flame, full of choking smoke and raining debris from the ceiling that was on fire. Over the next week, Agent Miranda would lose his eyelashes, eyebrows and much of his hair. The heat that he experienced inside the house was so intense that it cause the hair to become brittle and to break off. For his conspicuous heroism and extraordinary courage, he was awarded the Commissioner’s Meritorious Service Award for Valor and the Secretary’s Valor Award.  Agent Miranda’s actions brought great credit upon himself and the United States Border Patrol.

2006

David N. Webb
Date of Birth:                    November 24, 1970
Entered on Duty:              February 23, 2004
Title:                                   Border Patrol Agent
End of Watch:                   November 3, 2006
 
Details:
On November 3, 2006, Border Patrol Agent David N. Webb was enroute to his normal patrol duties on the Tohono O’odham Nation within the Ajo Station Area of Responsibility. At approximately 5:18 p.m., Agent Webb was involved in a single vehicle accident. Border Patrol Agents working nearby responded to assist Police and emergency medical services personnel at the scene of the accident. Agent Webb did not survive the injuries sustained from the accident.
 
Agent Webb was 36 years old and was a graduate of the 580th session of the Border Patrol Academy. He served his country as a member of the 186th Infantry in the Oregon Army National Guard, where he saw service in the Sinai Desert as a member of a United Nations Peace Keeping Force from May 2002 to February 2003.

Burial Details Unknown


2012

David R. Delaney
Date of Birth                          September 5, 1968
Entered on Duty:                   December 12, 2002
Title:                                        Border Patrol Agent
End of Watch:                        November 2, 2012
 
Details:
On November 2, 2012, Border Patrol Agent David R. Delaney collapsed and died while patrolling on foot near Big Bend National Park in Texas.
 
Agent Delaney entered on duty as a member of the 536th academy session on December 12, 2002. Following his graduation, he was assigned to the Calexico Station in the El Centro Sector. He then transferred to Houlton and Grand Forks Sectors before settling in at the Big Bend National Park Sub-Station of Alpine Station in the Big Bend Sector in 2011.
 
Agent Delaney is survived by his wife and three children.

​Gravesite

Good morning!
 
Welcome to another This Week in USBP History! ​

A Legacy of Community Engagement:
For over two decades, our Delphi Forum has been a trusted platform for Border Patrol personnel, providing a space for sharing experiences, insights, and camaraderie. Known for its unofficial information and insights, it has fostered a close-knit community amid our ranks. It all started on August 25, 1999 with the following post from Ray Harris:

• Well, thanks fer showin' up! The more the merrier, so let's get this puppy workin' by passing the word. Feel free to use ccmail. After all, as soon as the brass sees this, they are gonna take the credit for it!  Leave a message whether ya got anything to say or not. Let's just get it rolling!

Turning the Tide: A Forum Reimagined:
Several years ago, Ray Harris, the forum’s founder, initiated a reset to curb the vitriol that had crept into discussions. This step, coupled with active moderation by Ray and myself, has significantly improved the forum's environment, encouraging more respectful and constructive dialogue.

The Current State of Engagement:
Recent levels of engagement have varied. Some members have voiced concerns about potential repercussions for their online interactions, particularly in the wake of incidents surrounding other online platforms like the "I'm 10-15" Facebook page. Despite these challenges, the spirit of support and camaraderie within our forum endures.

Prioritizing Safe and Respectful Dialogue:
Ray and I serve as active moderators with a shared goal of perpetuating healthy conversation. We are committed to taking immediate moderating action if members or discussions push the bounds of acceptability. We have a primary objective to ensure that conversations within our forum never become a source of embarrassment to the Patrol or its workforce.

Inviting More Voices:
We warmly welcome all current and former Border Patrol personnel to join our forum and contribute to our ongoing dialogue. Your experiences and perspectives are invaluable and contribute to the diverse and rich discourse that defines our community.

Upholding Civil Discourse:

• Respect: A respectful tone towards differing opinions is fundamental for meaningful dialogue.
• Open Communication: An environment of open communication, underpinned by civility, facilitates insightful discussions.
• Constructive Feedback: Choosing constructive feedback over derogatory remarks nurtures a culture of learning and growth.
  
• Self-awareness of Logical Fallacies: Acquiring knowledge about common logical fallacies is advantageous for self-reflection, allowing individuals to identify if they are unintentionally employing a fallacy in their discussions. Here are a few common fallacies:
  
  • Ad Hominem: Critiquing the character of a person instead of addressing the point at hand.
    
  • Strawman: Misrepresenting or oversimplifying an opponent’s stance to make it easier to critique.
    
  • Slippery Slope: Proposing that a minor action will lead to extreme outcomes without providing evidence.
    
  • Circular Reasoning: Utilizing the discussion's conclusion as a premise, often without clear rationale. False Dilemma: Offering two options as the sole possible choices, when in fact more options exist.

​
This insight into logical fallacies is not intended for confronting others, but rather to foster a personal understanding and self-awareness, contributing to the quality and respectfulness of discussions within the forum.

Celebrating Supportive Behaviors:
In recent discussions within our forum, we have seen instances of supportive behaviors that embody the essence of constructive leadership. These behaviors include:

• Providing accurate information and clarifications to correct misunderstandings.
• Offering constructive feedback with the aim of fostering growth and understanding.
• Encouraging open dialogue and respect for differing opinions.

These behaviors, exhibited by members under the veil of anonymity, reflect a commitment to maintaining a positive and informative dialogue within our forum. It's the spirit of supportive interaction that we celebrate, as it nurtures a culture of mutual respect and continuous learning, irrespective of rank or position.

The respectful and constructive interactions observed in the forum serve as a microcosm of the positive communication that can be fostered within the broader Border Patrol community. Through such interactions, we move closer to an environment where open dialogue flourishes, and collective problem-solving becomes a norm rather than an exception.​

The Path Forward: Embracing Positivity and Open Dialogue:
Our forum serves as a conduit for celebrating the nobility of our service, encouraging open dialogue, and uphold our shared values. Together, we can navigate through challenges and steer our discourse towards a more positive and inclusive direction.

Conclusion:
Reflecting on recent discussions, the opportunities to further foster a respectful and engaging environment are evident. By embracing the principles of respect, open dialogue, and diverse perspectives, we continue to uphold the legacy of our forum as a nurturing ground for supportive interactions among Border Patrol personnel.

This week, we highlight a few more chapters from the U.S. Border Patrol's history. In 1928, a report of a shooting/alcohol seizure incident on October 24 showcased the collaborative efforts of Immigration Border Patrol and a Mounted Customs officer, with Patrol Inspectors Douglas D. Pyeatt and Irvin H. Cone actively involved. Transitioning to 1936, a letter from a uniform manufacturer sought clarification on the color of the leather for the bill of the USBP's Pershing hat, following the directives of General Order 179. Fast forward to 1950, discussions and proposals emerged to establish a new training facility in El Paso, as the existing infrastructure at Camp Chigas became outdated. Lastly, in 1959, the initiation of Operation Pressure marked a significant strategic response to counter illegal entries and illicit activities between the U.S. and Cuba, underscoring the adaptability and readiness of the force. Join us as we continue to explore notable events that have contributed to the evolution of the U.S. Border Patrol.

This week, there are no known Newton-Azrak Award action anniversaries. However, some actions do not have a specific date, and I would like to take this opportunity to highlight Criminal Investigator Ted L. Giorgetti's action from 1974.

During this week, we solemnly remember five of our fallen on the anniversaries of their deaths. 

Enjoy and have a great week!

​Cliff
P.S. - As an open and continuous invitation to current and former USBP employees, I am always accepting photos to post in the USBP Photo Galleries and in the Upholding Honor First pages. I sure would appreciate you visiting those pages and sending me anything that you think I could post (just send them to [email protected]). As always, make sure to explore all of the hyperlinks to the documents and pages. Finally, please forward this blog to whomever you think may enjoy it.

A lone U.S. Border Patrol Ford Bronco kicks up a storm on a rugged trail, embodying the relentless spirit of guardianship. As the desert shares whispers of past vigilance, every grain of sand billowed into the arid sky tells a story of dedication. A nostalgic lens into a cherished chapter of our enduring legacy, when the journey was tough, the mission was clear, and the heart of the patrol beat strong against the vast frontier.

1928

• A cover memo for the Commissioner-General, along with a brief report of a shooting/alcohol seizure incident that occurred on October 24, 1928, were drafted.  In this incident, Immigration Border Patrol and a Mounted Customs officer were working together. The following inspectors were involved in the shooting:
  • Patrol Inspector Douglas D. Pyeatt (1902-1944)
  • Patrol Inspector Irvin H. Cone (1902-1977)

1936

• This October 27, 1936 letter is from a company that manufactured USBP uniforms.  The letter is asking clarification concerning the color of the leather for the bill of the USBP's Pershing hat.  This question is in response to the USBP's second Uniform Policy, General Order 179 (GO179), where the Sam Brown belt colors were different for the northern border (black) and the southern border (cordovan).

1940

• On October 23, 1940, a one-page memo was written that provided estimated costs for constructing sub-district headquarters buildings on the northern border at Lynden, WA; Bonners Ferry, ID; Havre, MT; Grand Forks, ND; and Buffalo, N.Y.

1944

• On October 27, 1944, a memo was written that provided recommended changes to Forms I-45, I-45A and I-45B.

1950

• In 1950, Camp Chigas had served as the location of the Sector HQ, station and the academy for many years.  The existing buildings were outdated and inadequate for the Patrol's needs.  So, proposals had been presented to create a training facility in El Paso.  This October 24, 1950 memo, discussed the status of continuing the construction of the new training location.
  • Earlier memos also concerning the project include:
    • These include a June 5, 1950 memo and an August 8, 1950 lease agreement identifying the construction location..
  • This memo also has significant information, specifically correcting erroneous history concerning the beginning of a national training academy.  Before 1936, Camp Chinas was the location used to train Inspectors within the El Paso District, not all Inspectors in the nation.  See the paragraph below:
    • The Border Patrol Training School was set up in 1936 in space that had previously been a part of the office of the Chief Patrol Inspector. Alien apprehensions between 1936 and 1942 varied from ten to twenty per day and these could be readily processed-in the space available. For the past several years, alien apprehensions have been running from 100 to 200 per day, and it is not possible to handle and process the large groups now being brought into El Paso in the space presently available. The Chief Patrol Inspector now regularly uses one of the school classrooms for handling and processing aliens since this classroom is vacant during the afternoon when part of the students are at the Target Range.
  • If still standing, the building housing the El Paso Sub-district 2 headquarters and station, and the first national training school (also known as Camp Chigas) would be located in the United States by 10-20 feet.  See this webpage. However, there is a former U.S. Border Patrol Building that is still standing that is located in Mexico. It is the Comisión Internacional de Límites y Aguas building.​ See this webpage.

1959​

• In response, INS Commissioner Joseph M. Swing (1894-1984) designated the Chief Patrol Inspector of Tampa Sector as lead coordinator for a task force operation that was designated as Operation Pressure, with the objective “to cope with the illegal entry of Cuban nationals and the illicit traffic of aliens, arms and ammunition between the United States and Cuba.” Forty-eight Patrol Inspectors, eight Border Patrol Pilots, four aircraft, and 27 sedans were immediately moved to Tampa Sector to supplement the forces currently in the Sector. The main contingent of Patrol Inspectors was transported from Brownsville, TX, to Tampa, FL, eighteen hours after the notice went out on October 29, 1959. A week later, Operation Pressure would morph into Operation Skyward after Attorney General William Pierce Rogers (1913-2001) enacted Presidential Directive 3004 and directed the Department of Justice to lead the operations to counter efforts to destabilize the region and put into effect measures to prevent the smuggling of aliens and contraband.
  • From - HONOR FIRST:  The Story of the United States Border Patrol - Volume II by Joseph Banco

1967

• The efforts of the U.S. Border Patrol were recognized by Attorney General Ramsey Clark (1927-2021) and Defense Secretary Robert McNamara (1916-2009) at a ceremony held at the Department of Justice on October 23, 1967. Deputy Attorney General Warren Christopher (1925-2011), also complimented those deployed with a letter of appreciation which read in part;
  • We have come to expect a great deal from the Border Patrol – largely, I think, because that is what we always get. The performance of the Patrol at the Pentagon over the past weekend was most certainly no exception.
  • From - HONOR FIRST:  The Story of the United States Border Patrol - Volume II by Joseph Banco
• President Johnson would return to El Paso on October 28, 1967, to meet with Mexican President Gustavo Diaz-Ordaz to celebrate the completion of the Rio Grande channel. Both Presidents met in the center of the Santa Fe International Bridge (which was renamed the Paso Del Norte Bridge) and shook hands at the relocated obelisk from the 1964 ceremony. Two additional bridges were also renamed: the Cordova Bridge became the Bridge of Americas and the Stanton Street Bridge became the Good Neighbor (Friendship) Bridge. As part of the ceremony, both Presidents pressed a button initiating a charge detonating an earthen dam that allowed the river to flow on its new course. The U.S. Border Patrol again assisted in providing security for the Presidents and the crowds witnessing the event. Patrol Inspector Jessee Tabor, who would later become Chief of New Orleans Sector, had the following to relate regarding the Patrol’s participation;
  • El Paso PI's did security for Lyndon Johnson when he met The President of Mexico at the Border atop the Paso Del Norte bridge. They jointly blew up a temporary dam in the new river channel to complete the "Chamizal Agreement," whereby we returned a sizeable plot of land to Mexico and they returned what is now Chamizal Park to the U.S. It corrected the border back to where it was originally before high water changed the river channel years ago. We had PI's with long guns atop the POE and other tall buildings nearby. I don't recall us being relieved of handguns. I know we were shoulder to shoulder keeping the crowd back a safe distance from the presidents. Mexican officers did the same on their side.
  • From - HONOR FIRST:  The Story of the United States Border Patrol - Volume II by Joseph Banco

1974

Ted L. Giorgetti
(1929-2015)
Criminal Investigator
Chicago, Illinois
Criminal Investigator Ted L. Giorgetti received accolades for his extraordinary commitment to duty and pivotal role in dismantling a major narcotics syndicate, resulting in the largest drug bust in Chicago's history.

In collaboration with the Drug Enforcement Administration (DEA), Giorgetti's relentless efforts led to the disbanding of a narcotics ring responsible for multi-million dollar annual operations. His actions culminated in the arrest of four individuals and the seizure of heroin and cocaine with an estimated street value exceeding $10 million. The operation's success was largely attributable to Giorgetti, who initially uncovered the illegal activities through a trusted informant and subsequently orchestrated the sting operation in partnership with the DEA.

Remarkably, Giorgetti, aided by Investigator Gerald Coyle, located a significant portion of the 20-kilogram drug haul even after DEA agents had abandoned the search. In a personal letter of commendation, DEA Administrator John R. Bartels, Jr. praised Giorgetti, stating, "I extend my personal congratulations for the exemplary cooperation you provided to the DEA and commend you for the high level of professionalism you exhibited throughout this investigation." 

1925

Ross A. Gardner
Date of Birth:                     July 9, 1900
Entered on Duty:               January 2, 1925
Title:                                    Patrol Inspector
End of Watch:                    October 28, 1925

Details:
On October 27, 1925, Patrol Inspector Ross A. Gardner was returning from his official station, San Diego, California, to Elsinore, California, where he was temporarily assigned. He was operating a government-owned motorcycle that he had taken to San Diego to be repaired. At Sedoc, California, about three miles east of Elsinore, Inspector Gardner ran into the rear of an automobile that was stalled on the roadway. The stalled vehicle had no lights at the time and, reportedly, headlights on a truck heading in the opposite direction hampered the officer's vision.
 
Patrol Inspector Gardner sustained a fractured skull, fracture of the pelvis, and internal injuries. He was conveyed to Elsinore by a passing motorist but was later transferred to the Naval Hospital in San Diego, California. Death occurred at 4:20 a.m. on October 28, 1925.
​
​Gravesite


1968

Ralph L. Anderson
Date of Birth:                   February 16, 1923
Entered on Duty:             May 1, 1950
Title:                                  Patrol Inspector
End of Watch:                  October 25, 1968
 
Details:
On October 25, 1968, Patrol Inspector Ralph L. Anderson was assigned to the 8:00 a.m. to 4:00 p.m. shift on the international boundary near San Ysidro, California. He was working alone, checking the drag trails for signs of illegal crossings.
 
Shortly after 4:00 p.m., Patrol Inspector Charles Thompson found Patrol Inspector Anderson in a Service-owned vehicle in a remote area near the Mexican border east of the San Ysidro Port of Entry. There was a bullet wound in Inspector Anderson's right temple and a 218 “Bee” Savage bolt-action rifle inside the vehicle, with the muzzle pointing upward and leaning toward the decedent.
 
Investigation conducted by the FBI revealed that the rifle was carried loosely inside the vehicle with the muzzle upward. A mark on a gearshift lever knob indicated that the trigger of the weapon had fallen against the knob. The impact discharged the rifle, and the projectile struck Inspector Anderson in the right temporal region. There was no indication of any other person or persons having been in the area. San Diego County Deputy Coroner Murphy concluded the mode of death to be accidental.
 
​Gravesite


1998

Walter S. Panchison
Date of Birth:                   January 15, 1945
Entered on Duty:             March 6, 1978
Title:                                  Airplane Pilot
End of Watch:                  October 23, 1998
 
Details:
On Friday October 23, 1998, at 2:00 p.m., Agent Scott Panchison was flying a U.S. Border Patrol plane in response to motion sensors tripped along the United States - Canadian Border near Lynden, Washington. Agent Panchison was working with other agents in the area and was heading back to Bellingham International Airport when his plane crashed into rugged terrain in the Smith Peak area just north of Mount Baker Highway on the west side of Sumas Mountain. Agent Panchison lost his life in the crash.
 
Agent Panchison was born in Pottsville, Pennsylvania, but grew up in Salt Lake City, Utah. He earned a bachelor’s degree from the University of Utah and a master’s degree from Pepperdine University. After graduation, Agent Panchison joined the U.S. Marine Corps, where he spent ten years flying F4 Phantoms, including flights from aircraft carriers in the Vietnam War. He left the Corps to join the U.S. Border Patrol, where he proudly served for 21 years. At the time of his death, he was stationed at the Blaine Sector. He was a graduate of the 119th session of the U.S. Border Patrol Academy in Glynco, Georgia.
 
Gravesite


2002

Catherine M. Hill
Date of Birth:                    March 19, 1965
Entered on Duty:              November 1, 1999
Title:                                   Senior Patrol Agent
End of Watch:                   October 25, 2002
 
Details:
Senior Patrol Agent Catherine M. Hill, 37, was performing patrol duties in the Tijuana River Valley (Smuggler’s Canyon area) early in the morning on Friday, October 25, 2002, when her vehicle rolled down the edge of a 40-foot cliff. She died at the scene.
 
Agent Hill was a graduate of the 419th session of the U.S. Border Patrol Academy and was assigned to the Imperial Beach Station at the time of her death. Known for her outgoing and community-oriented personality, she was an advisor for Border Patrol Explorer post #1924 and a member of the San Diego Sector’s Peer Support Team.
 
​Gravesite


2021

Rafael G. Sanchez
Entered on Duty:                      September 16, 2002
Title:                                           Supervisory Border Patrol Agent
End of Watch:                           October 24, 2021

​Details:
Agent Sanchez entered on duty on September 16, 2002, as part of the 527th Session of the Border Patrol Academy. At the time of his passing, he was assigned to the Hebbronville Station, Laredo Sector, Texas. The circumstances of his passing were reviewed by an executive panel and the CBP Commissioner who determined that this death occurred in the line of duty.  He is survived by his wife Anabel; children: Arielle, Maritza, and Rafael; and mother: Corina; sister Nora; and grandchildren: Joshua, Jordyn, and Gianna.
 
Cremated

You already know Joe Banco, a retired Deputy Chief Patrol Agent, distinguished historian and an invaluable source behind many of the insights shared in this blog. His dedication to preserving and sharing the history of the United States Border Patrol has made him an essential contributor to our journey through the past.

Today, we're excited to introduce Joe's latest work, "HONOR FIRST: Securing Enemy Aliens - U.S. Border Patrol During World War II." This book is a testament to his unwavering commitment to unveiling untold stories from the annals of history.

"Sometimes it's not possible to choose the story you write. Sometimes, the story chooses you." These profound words resonate with the incredible journey detailed in Joe's latest book.

History not shared or revisited has a way of falling into ruins and being overgrown with ground cover or buried by the sands of time, hiding its secrets. Such is the case of the United States Border Patrol efforts during World War II. In his book, Joe delves deeper into this period, providing a far richer and more comprehensive account of the United States Border Patrol's role during that critical time.

The story begins with Joe's recent visit to Fort Stanton in 2022, where he uncovered the remnants of the Fort Stanton Enemy Alien Detention Camp. The ruins of this camp, nestled in the New Mexico mountains, held secrets waiting to be revealed. Joe's exploration of the site, filled with moments of reflection and encounters with the echoes of the past, forms a captivating narrative.

Joe's book weaves together the stories of detainees, their experiences, and the pivotal role the Border Patrol played during a time when Border Security truly meant National Security. His account includes fascinating details about the internment of German and Japanese detainees, life within the camp, and the challenges faced by both detainees and those who guarded them.

To grasp the full narrative and understand how Border Security continues to be National Security, delve into "HONOR FIRST." It's a captivating read that brings a lesser-known aspect of American history to life.

Order your copy by visiting Amazon today and join the journey back in time. 

During World War II, the United States Border Patrol was given enormous responsibilities in not only securing our borders and defending the American people, but in securing those designated as enemy aliens and protecting diplomats from the Axis powers. The expansion of the traditional duties of the U.S. Border Patrol was based on its transfer to the Department of Justice and the trust placed in the organization by leadership at the highest levels of the government. It was a time when Border Security became National Security and the U.S. Border Patrol was recognized as America’s first line of defense.

In HONOR FIRST: Securing Enemy Aliens - The U.S. Border Patrol During World War II the story will be told of a little known and often times mischaracterized period in our history. From running enemy alien detention camps to conducting coastal submarine patrols, capturing escaped prisoners of war and escorting enemy aliens from Latin America, to securing Axis Diplomats and their families, the U.S. Border Patrol played a vital role in the war effort.

This week, we highlight select chapters from the U.S. Border Patrol's history. In 1910, Supervising Inspector Frank Berkshire penned a memo concerning the selection and compensation of "mounted inspectors," a step towards formalizing roles within the organization. Transitioning to 1927, a night in the El Paso Sub-district saw Patrol Inspectors William A. Holt and John H. Lewis among others involved in two separate confrontations with smugglers. Fast forward to 1953, during the dedication ceremony for the Falcón Dam, Border Patrol Inspectors provided assistance in securing the event attended by President Dwight Eisenhower and Mexican President Adolfo Ruiz Cortines. Lastly, in 2004, the Border Patrol Basic Academy relocated to Artesia, New Mexico, marking a change in the training regimen for the Border Patrol. Join us as we continue to explore notable events that have contributed to the evolution of the U.S. Border Patrol.

This week, we honor two Border Patrol Agents on the anniversary of their Newton-Azrak Award actions.

We also remember the loss of six of our fallen, including John Rector who was accidentally shot and killed by fellow Inspector Bill Jordan, and two who fell in the same event. Jesus de la Ossa and Thomas J. Williams fell in the same incident in 1998. It's saddening to note that the USBP has lost two Agents due to the same event nine times (18 fallen). Their names are listed below:

1. Donald Kee and William F. Buckelew in 1954
2. Douglas C. Shute and James M. Carter in 1956
3. Theodore L. Newton, Jr. and George F. Azrak in 1967
4. Friedrich Karl and John S. Blue in 1973
5. Susan L. Rodriguez and Ricardo G. Salinas in 1998
6. Jesus de la Ossa and Thomas J. Williams in 1998​
7. Travis W. Attaway and Jeremy M. Wilson in 2004
8. Ramon Nevarez, Jr. and David J. Tourscher in 2007
9. Hector R. Clark and Eduardo Rojas, Jr. in 2011

Daniel P. Cox and Edgardo Acosta-Feliciano both fell on July 31, 2021. However, their causes of death were not related.

Enjoy and have a great week!

​Cliff
P.S. - As an open and continuous invitation to current and former USBP employees, I am always accepting photos to post in the USBP Photo Galleries and in the Upholding Honor First pages. I sure would appreciate you visiting those pages and sending me anything that you think I could post (just send them to [email protected]). As always, make sure to explore all of the hyperlinks to the documents and pages. Finally, please forward this blog to whomever you think may enjoy it.

Throwback to 2008: An unexpected guest decided to pause on the iconic Border Patrol patch. Who needs backup when you've got eight extra legs on your side?

​Note: No agents were terrified in the taking of this photo—officially.

2015

Juan Cruz Jr. - ​photo
Border Patrol Agent
Weslaco, Texas
Marcus K. Johnson - photo
Border Patrol Agent
Weslaco, Texas
The incident occurred on October 19, 2015, at approximately 2:00 a.m. Border Patrol Agents Juan Cruz, Jr. and Marcus K. Johnson responded to a call for assistance by agents working border enforcement duties near the Hidalgo, Texas, Settling Basin. A subject had jumped into the water basin and was struggling to stay afloat. The potential victim was frantically screaming for help and periodically dipping below the surface of the water. The agents quickly improvised a safety line from tow straps and courageously entered the dark, cold water in an attempt to rescue the subject. 

Unfortunately, the improvised safety line was not long enough to reach the subject and the dangerous conditions forced the agents to return to land. Cruz swam out for a second time in an attempt to throw the subject a floatation device, but that attempt also failed due to the subject’s panicked state of mind. Upon the arrival of the City of Hidalgo’s Fire Department, the agents were informed that the fire department would not attempt a rescue due to policy constraints dealing with the dangers involved in a night time water rescue.

Both Cruz and Johnson ignored the injuries they had suffered to their bare feet on their previous rescue attempts and for a third time volunteered to try to rescue the subject. They borrowed life vests from the fire department and re-entered the dangerous water. On the third attempt, the agents managed to reach the subject and provide him with a life vest and were able to successfully extract him from the water without further incident.

The subject was examined by emergency medical technicians at the scene and found to be in good health and not in need of further medical attention. Both Cruz and Johnson were treated for their injuries at a local hospital and released the same night.

1922

Charles Gardiner
Date of Birth:                      February 5, 1882
Entered on Duty:                August 15, 1918
Title:                                     Mounted Watchman
End of Watch:                     October 21, 1922
​Details
Mounted Guard Charles Gardiner was shot and killed without warning by the driver of a wagon loaded with smuggled liquor. Gardiner was approaching the vehicle to inspect it when the unprovoked attack occurred. The report indicated that he approached a one-horse wagon containing two Mexicans for the purpose of questioning them as to their immigration status and that they jumped from the wagon, immediately firing upon him from close range.
 
Death Certificate
​
Survivor benefits - As per this document, his wife received $66.67 per month for her and their four children.  Then $49.50 for her and one child.
 
​Gravesite


1956

John A. Rector
Date of Birth:                   August 23, 1898
Entered on Duty:             March 13, 1928
Title:                                  Patrol Inspector
End of Watch:                  October 16, 1956
 
Details:
At approximately 11:30 a.m., October 16, 1956, Patrol Inspector John A. Rector was accidently shot by the firing of a .357 Magnum revolver by fellow officer, Bill Jordan. The mishap occurred at the Chula Vista Sector Headquarters as two officers were discussing various guns and their limitations and advantages. During the course of the conversation, the .357 Magnum was unloaded, examined, then reloaded, and placed in a desk drawer. The two officers then examined a .22 revolver and soon the discussion returned to the .357 Magnum. At this point, Patrol Inspector Jordan reached into the desk drawer, picked up the pistol, and without realizing that it had been reloaded, pulled the trigger.
 
The bullet passed through a partition wall into Patrol Inspector Rector's office where it struck him in the left jaw and ranged up through his head. Upon arrival of an ambulance and a doctor, Patrol Inspector Rector was removed to the Paradise Valley Hospital in National City. Two neurosurgeons from San Diego were called; however, nothing could be done for Inspector Rector. He died at approximately 2:00 p.m. the same day.
 
Gravesite​


1967

Elgar B. Holliday
Date of Birth:                   October 6, 1911
Entered on Duty:             June 19, 1944
Title:                                  Senior Patrol Inspector
End of Watch:                  October 18, 1967
 
Details:
In September 1967, Hurricane Beulah struck the lower Rio Grande Valley and adjacent areas causing extensive wind and flood damage. During the emergency, Patrol Inspectors rendered assistance in the protection of life and property, performing exhaustive and arduous tasks and working long periods of time without rest or relief. Senior Patrol Inspector Elgar B. Holliday was engaged in continuous emergency work assignments for three days. During the third day, September 24, 1967, he was stricken, suffering from extreme shortness of breath and pains in the chest. Showing signs of complete exhaustion, he was taken to a doctor, who gave him an injection and diagnosed the difficulty as heart failure due to over-exertion. Mr. Holliday was subsequently placed in the St. Joseph's Hospital, Houston, Texas, where he died on October 18, 1967.

​Gravesite

• ...Patrol Inspector “Doc” Holliday was considered “The Father of the Border Patrol Canine Program” for his pioneer work in McAllen, El Centro and other Southwest Sectors training handlers and working with a variety of dogs. “Doc” Holliday would later become the “Senior” of the Falfurrias Station, TX, and would die in the line of duty succumbing to over-exertion resulting in a heart attack on October 18, 1967 as he was engaged in rescue and emergency relief efforts in the aftermath of Hurricane Beulah. “Doc” Holliday had been working for three long days rendering assistance and performing arduous tasks with little rest.
  • From - HONOR FIRST:  The Story of the United States Border Patrol - Volume II by Joseph Banco

1979

Weldon Smith
Date of Birth:                  July 18, 1939
Entered on Duty:            November 2, 1970
Title:                                  Aircraft Pilot
End of Watch:                 October 19, 1979
 
Details:
During the afternoon of October 19, 1979, Pilot Weldon Smith had been working with ground agents Roxy D. Kieffe and Frank Ureta, Jr., of Rio Grande City Border Patrol Station. They were trailing aliens on the Gallagor Ranch, about 10 miles north of Guerra, Jim Hogg County, Texas. Pilot Smith returned to McAllen to refuel. As he was returning to the location of the aliens, he passed about 100 feet over Kieffe, relocated the trail, and started relaying the location to Kieffe. He said, "I found the tr-" and quit transmitting in mid-sentence. Officer Kieffe did not see the crash, but saw the smoke and ran toward it. The plane was completely engulfed in flames, destroyed by the impact and fire. Pilot Smith died on initial impact. A Justice of the Peace from Hebbronville, Texas, held an inquest upon arrival at the scene of the accident and pronounced Pilot Smith dead. Subsequent investigation determined that the aircraft had stalled and the pilot was unable to recover from the stall.

​Gravesite


1998

Jesus de la Ossa
Date of Birth:                   June 21, 1965
Entered on Duty:             November 28, 1993
Title:                                  Senior Patrol Agent
End of Watch:                  October 20, 1998
 
Details:
On Tuesday, October 20, 1998, at 7:00 p.m., Agents Jesus De La Ossa and Thomas J. Williams were traveling to San Diego after successfully completing the Border Patrol Academy Instructor’s Course. They were involved in a head-on collision with another vehicle and lost their lives in the accident, which happened about 15 miles west of Artesia, New Mexico.
 
Agent De La Ossa was born in Nogales, Arizona. Before entering the Border Patrol, Agent De La Ossa served as a military policeman in the U.S. Air Force. He joined the INS as a Border Patrol Agent and was later promoted to Senior Patrol Agent. At the time of his death, his official station was Brown Field, California. He was a graduate of the 264th session of the U.S. Border Patrol Academy in Glynco, Georgia.

​Gravesite
 
Thomas J. Williams
Date of Birth:                    July 21, 1966
Entered on Duty:              May 5, 1994
Title:                                   Senior Patrol Agent
End of Watch:                   October 20, 1998
 
Details:
On Tuesday, October 20, 1998, at 7:00 p.m., Agents Thomas J. Williams and Jesus De La Ossa were traveling to San Diego after successfully completing the Border Patrol Academy Instructor’s Course. They were involved in a head-on collision with another vehicle and lost their lives in the accident, which happened about 15 miles west of Artesia, New Mexico.
 
Agent Williams was born in Hazel Green, Wisconsin. He graduated from Western Illinois University Magna Cum Laude with a degree in criminal justice. He served in the Navy for four years, two of which were served on the submarine USS Henry Clay. He joined the INS as a Border Patrol Agent and was later promoted to Senior Patrol Agent. At the time of his death, his official station was Brown Field, California. He was a graduate of the 266th session of the U.S. Border Patrol Academy in Glynco, Georgia.

​Gravesite

Introduction
​​In an era where border security and maritime law enforcement are subjects of intense national discussion, the U.S. Border Patrol (USBP) and the U.S. Coast Guard (USCG) stand as two pillars safeguarding the nation's frontiers. While each agency has its unique mission and jurisdiction, history reveals a fascinating "what if" scenario: There was a time when these two entities could have been one and the same. Congressional bills H.R. 11204 from 1930 and its identical successor, H.R. 9747 from 1932, once proposed merging the USBP under the umbrella of the USCG. Though this vision never came to fruition, it raises compelling questions that are still relevant today. What if these two agencies were to become part of a new, unified federal department? This blog delves into this historical context to explore the intriguing possibilities and challenges that such a unification could present for the future of border and maritime security in the United States.

The Reiteration:
In the midst of the Great Depression, a period marked by economic hardship and a focus on internal affairs, Congress revisited a significant proposal: the unification of the USBP and the USCG. On February 25, 1932, H.R. 9747 was introduced, serving not merely as a legislative echo but as a deliberate reaffirmation of the original vision set forth in H.R. 11204 from 1930. The fact that this idea was reintroduced during such a tumultuous time in American history underscores its perceived importance and the sustained interest it garnered. It wasn't a fleeting thought but a concept that lawmakers seriously considered, warranting discussion and debate for more than two years.

Why the Original Plan Didn't Materialize
A 1930 report advised against merging the USBP with the Coast Guard due to several key concerns. The Coast Guard's maritime and military focus was fundamentally different from the USBP's envisioned role as a civilian, land-based law enforcement agency. These differences extended to operational focus and organizational culture, creating practical difficulties in unifying the two services. As a result, the decision was made to keep the USBP and the Coast Guard as separate entities.  See the last two pages of this 1930 article.

Current Roles and Responsibilities
Today, the USBP is primarily responsible for securing the United States' international land borders and coastal areas between ports of entry. Their focus is on preventing unlawful entry into the U.S., whether it be people or contraband. On the other hand, the U.S. Coast Guard serves as both a branch of the military and a maritime law enforcement agency. Their duties range from search and rescue operations to enforcing maritime laws and treaties.

Challenges and Overlaps
Both the USBP and the USCG face similar challenges, such as combating drug trafficking, human smuggling, and ensuring national security. There are areas where their responsibilities overlap, particularly in coastal regions where jurisdictional boundaries can be less clear. This overlap sometimes leads to questions about the most efficient use of resources and whether a more unified approach could be beneficial. For instance, both agencies are involved in maritime drug interdiction efforts and have roles in disaster response and humanitarian missions.

Advantages and Implications
Unification could lead to several advantages, such as increased operational efficiency and better resource allocation. By eliminating redundancies and improving coordination, the new department could provide stronger border security. Additionally, a unified approach could enhance the government's ability to adapt to emerging threats and challenges.

Potential Challenges
​However, such a monumental change would not be without its challenges. Legal hurdles would need to be overcome to redefine the roles and responsibilities of each agency. Budgetary concerns would also arise, as the restructuring would require significant financial investment. Public perception could be another obstacle, as any change to agencies as critical as the USBP and the USCG would likely be subject to intense scrutiny and debate.

Aligning USBP Pay Grades with Military Ranks in a New Department
As we've explored the idea of merging the Coast Guard and the USBP into a new department, one question remains: How would the USBP fit into this new structure, especially if it were to be brought under United States Code Title 14 while maintaining its current law enforcement authorities? The answer may lie in aligning USBP pay grades with military ranks.

Honorary Titles

It's worth noting that the USBP could maintain many of its current titles, such as "Patrol Agent in Charge" and "Chief Patrol Agent." These titles would become honorary and secondary to the pay grades and the rank insignia that strictly align with those pay grades.

The Nonsupervisory Roles
In this new department, nonsupervisory roles within the USBP could be assimilated into military Warrant Officer grades:

• GS-7: Could equate to a Warrant Officer 1 (WO1), often an entry-level specialized role.
• GS-9: Could align with a Chief Warrant Officer 2 (CW2), requiring a higher level of technical expertise.
• GS-11: Could correspond to a Chief Warrant Officer 3 (CW3), often a role with significant experience and some supervisory responsibilities.
• GS-12: Could be equivalent to a Chief Warrant Officer 4 (CW4), requiring both technical and leadership expertise.

​Transition to Supervisory Roles
Border Patrol Warrant Officers (nonsupervisory agents) entering the Border Patrol Officer Corps (supervisory agents) would have to meet the same criteria as is common in other branches of the federal uniformed services. These include the U.S. Army, U.S. Navy, U.S. Air Force, U.S. Marine Corps, U.S. Coast Guard, U.S. Space Force, U.S. Public Health Service Commissioned Corps, and the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Commissioned Officer Corps.

The Supervisory Side
For supervisory roles, the higher pay grades could be mapped to military officer ranks:

• GS-13: Could be equivalent to an O-4, which in the military is a Major..
• GS-14: Could align with an O-5, a Lieutenant Colonel.
• GS-15: Could equate to an O-6, a Colonel.
• SES: Could be aligned with the top military ranks ranging from O-7 to O-10, covering the General ranks.

The Potential Benefits
By aligning USBP pay grades with military ranks, the new department could benefit from a standardized and easily recognizable system. This could facilitate better coordination with other military and law enforcement agencies and enhance the public's understanding of the USBP's structure within this new department.

Final Thoughts
The idea of placing the USBP and the U.S. Coast Guard under a new unified federal department is as intriguing today as it was when first proposed in the early 20th century. While the agencies have evolved to meet the unique challenges of their respective domains, the similarities in their missions and the overlap in their responsibilities make the concept worth revisiting.

​The potential benefits of such a move are compelling: streamlined operations, improved coordination, and optimized resource allocation could all contribute to a more robust and effective approach to border and maritime security. However, as history and similar restructurings have shown, the path to unification is fraught with legal, budgetary, and operational challenges that would require meticulous planning and execution.

​As we look to the future, several questions remain open for further exploration:

• How would the legal framework for each agency need to be adapted to fit within a new department?
• What would the budgetary implications be, and how could they be effectively managed?
• How could the distinct organizational cultures of the USBP and the USCG be harmonized to foster a cohesive departmental identity?

By examining these questions and learning from past restructuring efforts, policymakers and stakeholders can better assess the feasibility and desirability of creating a new federal department that includes both the USBP and the USCG. Such an endeavor would not only reshape these agencies but could also redefine the nation's approach to border and maritime security for years to come.

This week, we delve into select chapters of the U.S. Border Patrol's intriguing history. Starting in 1927, Chief Patrol Inspector Grey's memo reveals the complexities of administrative decisions, as he defies the naming conventions set by General Order 61. Fast forward to 1940, and Congress passes the Nationality Act, a pivotal legislation that would later influence the Border Patrol's role during and after World War II. In 1943, acting Chief John Nelson's memo sheds light on the high turnover rate among Border Patrol Inspectors, offering a glimpse into the challenges of the time. Finally, in 1963, a near-miss incident involving a Beaver aircraft and a U.S. Air Force fighter highlights the unpredictable and often dangerous nature of Border Patrol duties. Stay tuned as we continue to uncover more captivating episodes that have contributed to shaping the U.S. Border Patrol as we know today.

This week, we honor three Border Patrol Agents on the anniversary of their Newton-Azrak Award actions.

We also remember the loss of two of our fallen on the anniversaries of their deaths.

Enjoy and have a great week!

​Cliff
P.S. - As an open and continuous invitation to current and former USBP employees, I am always accepting photos to post in the USBP Photo Galleries and in the Upholding Honor First pages. I sure would appreciate you visiting those pages and sending me anything that you think I could post (just send them to [email protected]). As always, make sure to explore all of the hyperlinks to the documents and pages. Finally, please forward this blog to whomever you think may enjoy it.

Taken 15 years ago, this captivating shot offers a unique vantage point of a CBP Air and Marine Operations helicopter, framed perfectly between the ears of a Border Patrol horse. The ravine below and the distant hilltop remind us of the diverse terrains our agents navigate.

1927

• On October 11, 1927, Chief Patrol Inspector Grey of the Houlton Sub-district writes his boss, the Commissioner of Immigration for the Montreal District, explaining the need to have 5 men assigned to each of the subdistrict's stations (Calais, Vanceboro, Houlton and Fort Fairfield).  He also takes the opportunity to request additional equipment. Also noteworthy in the memo that CPI Grey does not identify his AOR as a "Sub-district #1" but as "Patrol District #1".  This is contrary to the naming convention established in General Order 61 in 1926.
• On October 12, 1927, Chief Patrol Inspector Thomas of the Massena Sub-district also writes his boss, the Commissioner of Immigration for the Montreal District.  Based on this document, it is evident that he and CPI Grey were responding to a memo from their boss.  This memo, CPI Thomas describes the manpower and AOR of the sub-district's four stations (Fort Covington, Massena, Morristown, and Depauville).  Further, CPI recommends and provides his justifications for opening another station at Hogansburg, NY.  Like CPI Grey above, CPI Thomas does not use the naming convention mandated by General Order 61.

1934

• On October 8, 1934, Deputy Commissioner Irving F. Wixon (1884-1962), wrote a congratulatory note to Jacksonville District Border Patrol Inspectors that had participated in the Florida Police Pistol League competition that occurred in Tampa. Border Patrol participants were:
  • Chief Patrol Inspector Chester C. Courtney (1890-1969)
  • Senior Patrol Inspector John Q. Gillis (1899-1967)
  • Patrol Inspector Carl H. Ray (1892-1973)
  • Patrol Inspector Joseph B. Cunningham (1904-1976)
  • Patrol Inspector James Edward Drake (1902-1969)
  • Patrol Inspector Edwin M. Redmond (1901-1968)

​1940

• On October 14, 1940, Congress passed the Nationality Act of 1940, which for the first time unified and codified U.S. laws relating to naturalization, citizenship, and nationality. The Nationality Act of 1940 clarified “eligibility for citizenship through birth or naturalization,” including residency requirements, actions which would bar immigrants from naturalization, and conditions for loss of nationality. These two laws would play an important part in the actions of the U.S. Border Patrol in apprehending and detaining those identified as subversive and enemy aliens during and after World War II.
  • ​From - HONOR FIRST:  The Story of the United States Border Patrol - Volume I by Joseph Banco

1943

• On October 13, 1943, acting Chief of the Border Patrol John Nelson (1906-1979) wrote his boss, Willard Kelly (1903-1969),  the previous Chief of the Border Patrol a memo explaining the reasons that 143 of 253 Border Patrol Inspectors had left employment (18 were terminated and 125 resigned).  Very interesting about this memo is that it clearly shows that Willard Kelly had promoted above Chief of the Border Patrol and that John Nelson (who was the Director of the Border Patrol Academy) had been temporarily promoted to Chief of the Border Patrol which would later become a permanent promotion.
  • Nelson's death certificate shows that he left the Border Patrol and become an "Atomic Engineer" with an unnamed organization.  The 1950 census has him living in Los Angeles, California and working for the INS.

1944

• On October 10, 1944, Tule Lake Segregation Center was transferred to the Department of Justice and Border Patrol Inspectors replaced military guards at the center. Approximately 70 Patrol Inspectors were assigned to Tule Lake, taking over the duties which had previously been administered by 450 Army officers and enlisted men. By this time, the internee population had been reduced from 18,000 to 3,300 through repatriations, transfers to other camps, and parole of those determined to be “loyals.”
  • ​​From - HONOR FIRST:  The Story of the United States Border Patrol - Volume I by Joseph Banco

1945​

• The Fort Stanton Internment Camp closed on October 10, 1945, after transferring the last of its 24 Japanese internees, who had volunteered to help dismantle the camp, for repatriation to Japan from Terminal Island, California.645 During its operation, it housed not only the 410 men of the S.S. Columbus, but a total of 778 internees that included 695 Germans, 21 Italians, and 62 Japanese.
  • ​​From - HONOR FIRST:  The Story of the United States Border Patrol - Volume I by Joseph Banco

1963

• During the early 1960s, one of the Beaver aircraft was also assigned to the Northeast and mainly flew out of Swanton and Houlton Sectors. The De Havilland DHC-2 Beaver was based out of Burlington, Vermont, and was equipped with floats. Retired Patrol Inspector Gordon Dilmore shared a story of an [October 8, 1963] incident where the Beaver was almost involved in a mid-air collision with a U.S. Air Force fighter that was in trouble. The assistance provided to the pilot after the aircraft crashed was credited with saving the pilot’s life.
  • ​​​From - HONOR FIRST:  The Story of the United States Border Patrol - Volume II by Joseph Banco

1979

Myron B. Merchant - award memo, news article
Border Patrol Agent
Swanton, Vermont
On October 14, 1979 at approximately 10:30 p.m. a call was received by Border Patrol Agents at Rouses Point, New York that two men were walking in a sparsely populated rural area south on Cannon Corners Road near Mooers Forks, New York.  Border Patrol Agent (BPA) Myron Merchant and another agent responded to the call.  BPA Merchant took a surveillance position at the intersection of Cannon Corners Road and Route 11.  Soon afterwards, BPA Merchant saw two men walking a short distance from his location.  Suddenly the men ran into the woods. BPA Merchant notified the other agent by radio of the circumstances and followed the suspects into the woods.  About fifty feet from the road BPA Merchant came under close range gunfire. One shot struck him in the upper abdomen, knocking him to the ground.  One of the assailants walked toward him and raised his weapon in an apparent attempt to kill him.  BPA Merchant instinctively rolled on the ground as the assailant fired narrowly missing him.  BPA Merchant drew his weapon and returned the gunfire, killing the assailant. While seriously wounded, BPA Merchant marked the position of the dead man with his flashlight and then crawled on his back to the road where he was met by the agent he had earlier radioed.
 
During the gunfire the second man fled.  He was captured later at a New York State Police roadblock in Mooers, New York.  BPA Merchant’s ability and presence of mind to be able to give a description of the second man greatly contributed to his capture. The two men were later identified as two escapees who had been charged with murdering a Montreal, Quebec police officer and seriously wounding two other officers of that city.  BPA Merchant’s actions that evening reflect his great personal courage and presence of mind during an emergency life and death situation.


2002

Robert H. Arnold Jr.
Senior Patrol Agent
El Paso Sector
Herbert L. Williams
Supervisory Border Patrol Agent
El Paso Sector
Senior Patrol Agent Robert H. Arnold Jr. and Supervisory Border Patrol Agent Herbert L. Williams were recognized for their acts of bravery and heroism during the pursuit of a narcotics load vehicle after it illegally entered the U.S. with 1,900 pounds of marijuana.  
 
On October 12, 2002, Agent Arnold and his partner Border Patrol Agent Valerie Jaramillo pursued a narcotics load vehicle back to the Rio Grande River after it had entered the United States illegally. This occurred approximately 27 miles east of the Ft. Hancock, Texas Port of Entry.  
 
The driver abandoned the vehicle (containing 1,900 pounds of marijuana) and crossed back into Mexico. The driver, along with several other armed assailants, began shooting into the United States at these agents.  Agents Arnold and Jaramillo were ambushed and came under heavy gunfire.  Agent Jaramillo was shot in the leg and the same bullet narrowly missed Agent Arnold.  Additional rounds struck the engine compartment and battery, disabling their vehicle.  
 
Supervisory Border Patrol Agent Herbert L. Williams entered the area as back up and took heavy fire.  Agent Arnold returned fire from cover.  Agent Williams positioned his vehicle in the line of fire to provide additional cover so that Agent Jaramillo could be extracted safely.  Agents in self-defense of the heavy automatic gunfire fired over 240 rounds.  Agent Arnold removed Agent Jaramillo to Agent Williams vehicle and then left the scene to meet with a medical helicopter.  Agent Williams provided cover fire as they left the area, at which time they were continuing to take heavy fire from Mexico.  Agent Williams was able to safely get out of the line of fire and Agent Jaramillo subsequently recovered from her gunshot wound.

1969

Henley M. Goode, Jr.
Date of Birth:                   April 7, 1929
Entered on Duty:             August 24, 1953
Title:                                  Patrol Inspector
End of Watch:                  October 11, 1969
 
Details:
During the morning of September 6, 1969, Patrol Inspector Henley M. Goode, Jr. was injured when he fell on the steps of the U.S. Post Office Building, Fort Fairfield, Maine. He had just departed the Border Patrol Office on the second floor of the building and as he neared the lobby level, he tripped and fell a short distance to the lobby floor. There were no witnesses to the accident, but several postal employees heard the sound of someone falling and a voice calling for help.
 
They responded immediately, and obtained a doctor and an ambulance. Examination revealed Patrol Inspector Goode had sustained a fractured left kneecap (Patella). He died unexpectedly on October 11, 1969, at the Fort Fairfield Community Hospital. His death was attributed to pulmonary embolus.

​Gravesite


2021

David H. Gray
Entered on Duty:                     March 21, 2016
Title:                                          Enforcement Analysis Specialist
End of Watch:                          October 8, 2021

Details:
EAS Gray entered on duty on March 21, 2016. At the time of his passing, he was assigned to the Sector Intelligence Unit in Houlton Sector, Maine.  Before joining the U.S. Border Patrol, EAS Grey honorably served his country for 20 years in the U.S. Navy. The circumstances of his passing were reviewed by an executive panel and the CBP Commissioner who determined that this death occurred in the line of duty. He is survived by his son, Harris; daughter, Marsilla; mother: Velva; and sister, Sandra.

Gravesite

​Good morning!
 
Welcome to another This Week in USBP History! ​​​

This week, we're focusing on a momentous occasion that took place on September 29, 2023—the Change of Command ceremony for Chief Jason D. Owens. While Chief Owens officially stepped into his role as the 26th Chief of the U.S. Border Patrol on July 2, 2023, this ceremony was a formal and heartfelt celebration of his leadership.

A Leader with a Diverse Background - from the Change of Command Ceremony Program
​
​Jason D. Owens is the 26th Chief of the U.S. Border Patrol. Chief Owens was appointed on July 2, 2023, after more than 27 years of service, holding key leadership positions at every level, including the northern and southern borders, and the U.S. Border Patrol Academy.

Prior to his appointment as Chief of the U.S. Border Patrol, Chief Owens led one of the busiest southwest border sectors, Del Rio, as its Chief Patrol Agent (CPA). Chief Owens served as CPA of the U.S. Border Patrol Academy, providing the strategic vision, leadership, and technical direction for both basic resident and advanced non-resident courses.

Chief Owens entered on duty in 1996 with the 325th session of the U.S. Border Patrol Academy. He was assigned to the El Centro Sector's Calexico Station, where he promoted to Supervisory Border Patrol Agent. In 2001, Chief Owens completed both the Border Patrol Tactical Unit (BORTAC) Selection Course XV and the Border Patrol Search, Trauma and Rescue Team Selection Course III. He later promoted to Field Operations Supervisor at BORTAC Headquarters in El Paso, Texas, leading several counternarcotics and counterterrorism operations along with deployments to Honduras, Colombia, Dominican Republic, and Iraq.

Chief Owens has held various other vital leadership roles: CPA Houlton Sector, Assistant Chief at U.S. Border Patrol Headquarters, Patrol Agent in Charge of Pembina Station, Rio Grande Valley Sector Special Operations Detachment, and served as Division Chief of Operations, Deputy Chief and Acting CPA.

In 2016, Chief Owens was assigned to Immigration and Customs Enforcement, Homeland Security Investigations, and Office of Intelligence as the Deputy Assistant Director for Enterprise Services. He spearheaded deploying Agency classified network technology and infrastructure, and developing the career path program for the Intelligence Research Specialist position.

​Chief Owens is a proud member of the Cherokee Nation. He and his wife, Cassy, have two sons, Blake and Zachary, who are both actively serving in the armed forces. He holds both a Master's degree in accountancy from Shorter University and a Master's degree in National Security Strategy from the National War College. He is a graduate of the U.S. Customs and Border Institute, American University's Key Executive Leadership Program, and the Department of Homeland Security Senior Executive Candidate Development Program.

A Personal Connection: More Than Just a Leader
Before we delve into the ceremony's details, I want to share some personal insights about Chief Owens. I had the privilege of being interviewed by him for a What's Important Now (WIN) podcast when he was the Chief Patrol Agent of the Academy. What struck me most was his down-to-earth personality and genuine demeanor.

Our conversation flowed naturally, and he even laughed at some of my jokes that pushed the boundaries a bit. When I found out he was under 50 at the time, I couldn't help but exclaim, "You're just a baby!" That comment was met with a sincere chuckle.

But what impressed me the most was his skill as an interviewer. He had a knack for asking insightful questions that made for a compelling conversation. I even told him, "If this Border Patrol thing doesn't work out for you, I think you have a future in broadcasting." Again, his response was one of sincere amusement.

This personal interaction gave me a glimpse into the man behind the title, and it's no surprise to me that he's risen to the position he's in today.

​A Memorable Change of Command Ceremony

The ceremony on September 29, 2023, was a heartfelt celebration of Chief Owens' leadership. His remarks were deeply sincere and emotionally transparent, often pausing to maintain his composure as he expressed gratitude to his family, friends, and colleagues. DHS Secretary Mayorkas presented him with the Department's highest civilian award, the DHS Distinguished Service Medal. Owens reciprocated by thanking the Secretary for entrusting the leadership of the Border Patrol to someone from within its own ranks, a gesture that resonated deeply within the organization.

Among the special guests at the ceremony were Lauren and Vicky Dominguez, relatives of fallen Border Patrol Agent James R. Dominguez. Their presence served as a poignant reminder of the sacrifices made by agents in the line of duty. In a deeply touching moment that captured the room's attention, Chief Owens announced that Congress had introduced a bill to name the Uvalde Border Patrol Checkpoint after Agent Dominguez. This news was met with a standing ovation and applause, underscoring the enduring impact of those who have given their lives in service.

​What made this moment even more significant was a promise Owens had made to Vicky while he was the Chief Patrol Agent of the Del Rio Sector. Vicky had expressed her wish to see the checkpoint named after her fallen husband, and Owens had given his word to make it happen. His announcement at the ceremony was a powerful fulfillment of that promise, all but guaranteeing that the tribute will become a reality and further honoring the legacy of those who have made the ultimate sacrifice.

Another noteworthy aspect of the ceremony, was the presence of agents who had engaged the shooter at Robb Elementary, a devastating incident that resulted in the loss of 19 children and two teachers, with 18 others wounded. Each agent wore their Newton-Azrak Awards, a decoration for their conspicuous acts of heroism. Their attendance was a testament to the courage and resilience that define the U.S. Border Patrol, silently yet powerfully acknowledging the heroes among us whose actions have life-altering consequences.

While the law enforcement response to the Robb Elementary shooting has faced rightful criticism, it's vital for the Patrol and its leaders to continue to affirm the agents who performed admirably, even in the face of a tragedy where so much went awry.

Also in attendance were two of Del Rio Sector Horse Patrol agents who had faced intense scrutiny and allegations during the Haitian incident. Their presence and the standing ovation they received, including from Secretary Mayorkas, underscored Owens' commitment to supporting his workforce, even in the face of controversy. This was particularly noteworthy given that Secretary Mayorkas had been an early critic, yet joined in the standing ovation, signaling a united front.

This week, we dive deeper into the annals of the U.S. Border Patrol's fascinating history. We kick off in 1918, when the Commissioner-General's telegrams to Seattle and El Paso laid the groundwork for what would become a "regular patrol" focused on wartime measures. Fast forward to 1922, and we find Frank Berkshire's visionary proposals leading to the Inter-Departmental Committee, which ultimately recommended the creation of the Border Patrol. By 1927, Ruel E. Davenport had become the sole Chief of the Border Patrol, offering a comprehensive report that underscored the force's growing professionalism. And as we step into the 1980s, we witness the opening of the U.S. Border Patrol Museum in 1985, a treasure trove of history and heritage. Continue reading to uncover these pivotal moments that have shaped the Border Patrol we know today.

This week, we honor three Border Patrol Agents on the anniversary of their Newton-Azrak Award actions, including Howard H. Gay. Intriguingly, the actions that led to Gay's death were recognized with the Newton-Azrak Award, yet his death itself has never been classified as a 'Line of Duty Death' (LODD).

We also remember the loss of four of our fallen, including two who fell in the same event. Friedrich Karl and John S. Blue fell in the same incident in 1973. It's saddening to note that the USBP has lost two Agents due to the same event nine times (18 fallen). Their names are listed below:

1. Donald Kee and William F. Buckelew in 1954
2. Douglas C. Shute and James M. Carter in 1956
3. Theodore L. Newton, Jr. and George F. Azrak in 1967
4. Friedrich Karl and John S. Blue in 1973
5. Susan L. Rodriguez and Ricardo G. Salinas in 1998
6. Jesus de la Ossa and Thomas J. Williams in 1998​
7. Travis W. Attaway and Jeremy M. Wilson in 2004
8. Ramon Nevarez, Jr. and David J. Tourscher in 2007
9. Hector R. Clark and Eduardo Rojas, Jr. in 2011

Daniel P. Cox and Edgardo Acosta-Feliciano both fell on July 31, 2021. However, their causes of death were not related.

Enjoy and have a great week!

​Cliff
P.S. - As an open and continuous invitation to current and former USBP employees, I am always accepting photos to post in the USBP Photo Galleries and in the Upholding Honor First pages. I sure would appreciate you visiting those pages and sending me anything that you think I could post (just send them to [email protected]). As always, make sure to explore all of the hyperlinks to the documents and pages. Finally, please forward this blog to whomever you think may enjoy it.

Captured from the Wayback Machine, this snapshot of HonorFirst.com from March 4, 2000, serves as a testament to Ray Harris' dedication to the U.S. Border Patrol community. Ray recognized the need for a centralized platform to aid applicants and agents alike, leading to the creation of the site and its subsequent Delphi forums. These forums became a cornerstone for community building within the USBP, accumulating over 50,000 members and 4 million visitors. It's a nostalgic look back at how far HonorFirst.com and Ray have come in recruitment and community engagement.

1918

• On October 6, 1918, the Commissioner-General sent telegrams to Seattle and El Paso immigration officials requesting their insight into placing a "regular patrol" in their areas to enforce the "Passport-Permit Regulations" and to "aid in the enforcement of other distinctly wartime measures."

1922

• In 1918, the future Chief and Father of the Border Patrol Frank Berkshire (1870-1934), submitted no less than three proposals to create the Border Patrol.  These proposals led to the creation of an Inter-Departmental Committee comprised of representatives from the Departments of Agriculture, Justice, Labor, and Treasury.  After months of meetings and discussions, on October 4, 1922, the Inter-Departmental Committee recommended the creation of the Border Patrol.

1924

• On October 1, 1924, the acting head of the Montreal District, Irving F. Wixon (1884-1962), wrote a scathing memo to the Commissioner-General.  The Montreal District included modern day Houlton, Swanton and part of Buffalo Sectors.  The first sentence is, "I find that the border patrol service in this District is a long ways from being up to standard, due principally to the fact that it has not been properly supervised."  The memo contains recommendations that include having the workforce move from location to location to prevent smugglers from adapting to regular schedules. The earliest known Border Patrol announcement is from October 7, 1924.  Points of interest:
  • No requirements for the applicant to provide their own horse or firearm.
  • Women could apply
  • Required experience (condensed and paraphrased)
    • 2 years as a federal, state or local law enforcement officer, or
    • 6 months in the military, or
    • 6 months experience in a prestigious law enforcement organization such as the Texas Rangers, Pennsylvania State Constabulary, New York State Constabulary, or the Royal Northwest Mounted Police
  • ​Must be able to speak and read Spanish is assigned to the Mexican border
  • Must be 5'7" tall
  • Must be between 23-45 years old

1927

• The position that would become Chief of the Border Patrol was created in 1926 with Ruel E. Davenport (1878-1961) being the Chief for the Northern Border and George Harris (1876-1941)  Chief of the Southern Border.  By 1927, Harris was transferred leaving Davenport the sole Chief of the Border Patrol until 1932.  In 1927, Davenport surveyed the entire Border Patrol and on October 5, 1927, submitted this report to the Commissioner-General of the Bureau of Immigration on his findings.  A few quotes stand out in the report:
  • From a somewhat doubtful and hesitant force it has developed into one now sure of its ground, convinced of its necessity and positive in its action.
  • This weeding out process has had the effect of educating the public, generally speaking, to the fact that this Service does not tolerate triflers or grafters within its ranks.
  • Perhaps the most important of these changes is the discontinuance of openly wearing side-arms or handcuffs on the belt during the day, particularly in cities, villages, or thickly settled rural communities.  It is found that this practice has caused considerable adverse criticism and seems entirely unnecessary.

1928

• Border Patrol Inspectors assigned to the El Paso sub-district were commonly in gunfights in the late 1920's and early 1930's.  Joe Banco writes of one:
  • One of the most notorious gun battles occurred on October 3, 1928, in the outskirts of San Elizario, southeast of El Paso, which resulted in the death of one liquor smuggler, wounding of six others and seizure of 44 1⁄2 gallons of liquor. The El Paso Herald headline read “Border Patrol and Rum Runner Turn Old River Bed Into Battle Field.” It was reported that the firefight began in the early pitch-dark morning when Border Patrol Inspectors attempted to intercept twelve smugglers as they were crossing the border with an illicit liquor load on horses. The seven Patrol Inspectors were concealed in the brush and “laying in” in three separate groups about thirty feet apart. Upon being challenged by the Patrol Inspectors, the smugglers immediately started shooting into the brush with rifles, shotguns, and pistols. The Herald reported that, “A hat of one of the officers was shot from his head. Dirt was thrown over them. Lead literally rained around them. Then they swung into action with their rifles at close range.” The outgunned Patrol Inspectors returned fire and two of the smugglers fell.
    • From - HONOR FIRST:  The Story of the United States Border Patrol - Volume I by Joseph Banco

1942

• On October 6, 1942, Chief of the Border Patrol Willard F. Kelly (1903-1969) wrote a memo on behalf of the Commissioner to the Warden of the United States Penitentiary in Leavenworth, Kansas.  The memo contained, "...the names and addresses of the district and subdistrict offices of the United States Immigration Border Patrol."  The memo also contains a disclaimer - "Each subdistrict has a number of stations infer its jurisdiction but, as these are changing constantly, all communications should be addressed to the District Directors or Chief Patrol Inspectors."

1953

• On October 5, 1953, the Army Corps of Engineers submitted estimates to the Commissioner to build fencing between Texas and Mexico, and California and Mexico.  The design of the fence is described:
  • The fence was to consist of two 8-foot high barbed wire fences spaced 8 feet apart, utilizing steel poles space 10 feet apart and having barbed wire spaced 8 inches apart. In addition, a roll of concertina wire was to be placed on the more southerly fence and three roll place between the two fences.

1963

• During the early 1960s, one of the Beaver aircraft was also assigned to the Northeast and mainly flew out of Swanton and Houlton Sectors. The De Havilland DHC-2 Beaver was based out of Burlington, Vermont, and was equipped with floats. Retired Patrol Inspector Gordon Dilmore shared a story of an <October 8, 1963> incident where the Beaver was almost involved in a mid-air collision with a U.S. Air Force fighter that was in trouble. The assistance provided to the pilot after the aircraft crashed was credited with saving the pilot’s life.
  • ​​​From - HONOR FIRST:  The Story of the United States Border Patrol - Volume II by Joseph Banco

1969

• Another incident that occurred during Operation Intercept was the defection of a Cuban pilot in a fully-armed MIG-17 at Homestead Air Force Base in South Florida on October 5, 1969. Retired Patrol Inspector James Montgomery recalls his participation in the incident;
  • During that operation my wife was late in her pregnancy, so I was the only PI left in Miami. Congress had cut funding to the airborne radar around Southern Florida. President Nixon was at Key Biscayne. Late one night as he prepared to return to Washington, Air Force One was at Homestead Air Force base waiting to take him to Washington. A Cuban MIG came in at treetop level and landed next to Air Force One. The station senior Bill Purdy told me over the radio to go interview the pilot. After some discussion, we decided the chance I would be allowed to interview the pilot was slim or none. As it turned out the pilot had worked with the CIA to defect in the fully-armed MIG. Congress soon restored the funding for the airborne radar.
    • From - HONOR FIRST:  The Story of the United States Border Patrol - Volume II by Joseph Banco

1973

• ...On October 2, 1973, when Campo Agents encountered ten individuals smuggling sacks of marijuana. The Patrol Agents cut sign to the pick-up vehicle loaded with an additional 422 pounds of marijuana and arrested the drivers. During the attempt to cut off the remaining smugglers, Patrol Agent Norman Barry was shot and a gunfight ensued, leaving three smugglers dead. Two additional smugglers were arrested by Mexican authorities as they crossed back into Mexico.
  • From - HONOR FIRST:  The Story of the United States Border Patrol - Volume II by Joseph Banco

​1984

• During Fiscal Year 1984, the sector name was changed from the Chula Vista Sector to the San Diego Sector... The name change occurred on October 1, 1984
  • From - HONOR FIRST: The Story of the United States Border Patrol - Volume Three 1975-1999​ by Joseph Banco

1985

• The original site of the U.S. Border Patrol Museum was in the basement of the Old Hotel Cortez Building at 310 North Mesa in downtown El Paso, Texas, and it opened on October 1, 1985.
  • From - HONOR FIRST: The Story of the United States Border Patrol - Volume Three 1975-1999​ by Joseph Banco

1987

• October 5, 1987, Ramey Sector was dedicated.
  • From - HONOR FIRST: The Story of the United States Border Patrol - Volume Three 1975-1999​ by Joseph Banco

1988

• Working with the U.S. Army, the U.S. Border Patrol and FLETC opened a temporary training facility at the Ft. McClellan Army post in Alabama with a target of two Border Patrol Academy classes to train 800 new agents. Session 226 of the U.S. Border Patrol Academy, consisting of 500 trainees, began on Monday, October 3, 1988 and became known as “The Alabama 500" and “The Miracle 500.”
  • ​From - HONOR FIRST: The Story of the United States Border Patrol - Volume Three 1975-1999​ by Joseph Banco

1989

• The FLETC Artesia Center opened up on October 1, 1989. Advance training was held not only for the U.S. Border Patrol, but also for the Bureau of Indian Affairs Indian Police, and several other agencies.
  • From - HONOR FIRST: The Story of the United States Border Patrol - Volume Three 1975-1999​ by Joseph Banco

1993

• Operation Hold the Line officially kicked off on October 2, 1993, when the original funds for overtime for Operation Blockade had been expended.
  • ​From - HONOR FIRST: The Story of the United States Border Patrol - Volume Three 1975-1999​ by Joseph Banco

​
1994

• On October 1, 1994, INS Commissioner Doris Meissner, U.S. Attorney for Southern California Alan Bersin, and San Diego Chief Patrol Agent Gustavo De La Vina (soon to be Western Regional Commissioner) officially kicked off Operation Gatekeeper.
  • From - HONOR FIRST: The Story of the United States Border Patrol - Volume Three 1975-1999​ by Joseph Banco 

1996

• ​The Charleston Border Patrol Academy had its grand opening on October 7, 1996.
  • From - HONOR FIRST: The Story of the United States Border Patrol - Volume Three 1975-1999​ by Joseph Banco 

1990

​Howard H. Gay
(1945-1990)
Border Patrol Pilot
Marfa Sector
Posthumously Awarded 
On October 3, 1990, while driving to work in the morning thick fog, Border Patrol Pilot Howard H. Gay noticed a stranded motorist on the highway.  Realizing the danger, Mr. Gay attempted to turn around to render assistance when he was struck and killed by an on-coming vehicle.  He will be remembered as a person always willing to help others in distress.


1994

Jose (Joe) L. Perez
Supervisory Border Patrol Agent 
San Diego Sector
On the night of October 3, 1994, Supervisory Border Patrol Agent Jose (Joe) L. Perez was performing his patrol duties in the Dulzura, CA area on Highway 94.  Highway 94 runs east and west adjacent to the International Border between the United States and Mexico.  While performing his patrol duties, Agent Perez came upon a one-car vehicle accident.  Being the first law enforcement officer on the scene, Agent Perez took those steps necessary to notify the proper agencies through the Border Patrol Dispatch, and then took additional steps well above the call of duty.
 
Agent Perez observed that there were three occupants trapped inside a vehicle that was overturned and resting on its roof.  As Agent Perez approached the vehicle, he observed that the doors were jammed shut.  Agent Perez used what leverage he could and managed to open one front door.  Through this door, Agent Perez was able to remove the driver and the front seat passenger.  He placed both of them out of the flow of traffic and returned to the car.  Agent Perez then observed that the vehicle was on fire and that there was still one occupant trapped inside the vehicle.  Agent Perez reentered the vehicle and doubled his efforts to free the remaining passenger.  The last passenger was trapped between the collapsed roof of the vehicle and the rear seat with her legs hanging through the shattered rear window.  Using brute strength, Agent Perez was able to force the seat to move sufficiently to allow him to extricate the passenger.  Although the vehicle was on fire, Agent Perez took the time to ensure that any possible spinal or neck injuries were cared for before moving the passenger to a safe location.  Agent Perez continued performing immediate first aid until the arrival of the paramedics and fire units.


2020

Robert S. Holmes - ​photo
Border Patrol Agent
Grand Forks, ND
On October 3, 2020 at 9:00 PM, Bottineau Station Border Patrol Agent Robert Holmes assisted local law enforcement with a call regarding a suicidal man who was on top of a 144-foot structure. Beyond the call of duty while facing grave danger, Agent Holmes went to the top of the structure to search for the man. Upon reaching the top, Agent Holmes began searching the massive area which was riddled with shafts, pipes and other industrial hazards. Under the cover of night, Agent Holmes was able to locate the man, who was armed with a knife, near the edge of a grain elevator. Agent Holmes began a tactful conversation with the man and ultimately talked him into storing the knife in his pocket and moving away from the edge to safety. Agent Holmes’ actions brought great credit upon himself and the United States Border Patrol.

​As of March 6, 2023 the U.S. Border Patrol has suffered 155* fallen.
Titles

• 3 Mounted Watchmen fell before 1924 and are carried as Border Patrol fallen
• 50 Border Patrol Inspectors fell between 1924 and 1970
• 101 Border Patrol Agents have fallen since 1970
• 1 Enforcement Analysis Specialist

The following names hold a distinguished position, as they have made the ultimate sacrifice in their unwavering commitment to uphold the oath each officer took to protect and defend the United States of America.

The facts concerning each officer are presented with minimal editing to preserve the "language of the day" found in the original reports, providing readers with a sense of historical context.

In compliance with the Privacy Act of 1974, the cause of death for employees who lost their lives in the line of duty due to exposure to lethal illnesses will not be disclosed.

​* Please note that despite their deaths meeting the criteria for Line-of-Duty-Deaths at the time, Patrol Inspector Garvis Field Harrell and Border Patrol Agent John Charles Gigax are not officially recognized as fallen by either the Customs and Border Protection or the U.S. Border Patrol.  However, HonorFirst.com respectfully recognizes and includes both Inspector Harrell and Agent Gigax among those who have fallen in the line of duty.

1973

Friedrich Karl
Date of Birth:                  July 15, 1923
Entered on Duty:            May 2, 1955
Title:                                 Airplane Pilot
End of Watch:                 October 4, 1973
 
Details:
Both Airplane Pilot Friedrich Karl and his observer, Senior Patrol Agent John S. Blue, were stationed at Yuma, Arizona, when they were killed in an airplane crash.

The officers were on a sign cutting and aircraft patrol assignment, having departed from the Yuma County Airport at approximately 6:00 a.m., on October 4, 1973. The flight also served to acquaint Senior Patrol Agent Blue with portions of the Yuma Sector since he had transferred there a short time before.  After some five hours of flight, the officers landed at the Stoker Company Airport at Tacna, Arizona, for a rest stop and to communicate with units from the Tacna Station relative to patrol plans and operations.

At approximately 12:00 noon, shortly after take-off from Tacna, the airplane struck a static line near the top of 52-foot poles of the Wellton Irrigation District power line. Contact of the landing gear with the static line caused the plane to flip, invert, and fall to the ground in an upside-down position.  Both of the officers were killed instantly upon impact.

Cremated
 
John S. Blue
Date of Birth:                  April 6, 1935
Entered on Duty:            November 23, 1960
Title:                                 Senior Patrol Agent
End of Watch:                 October 4, 1973
 
Details:
Senior Patrol Agent John S. Blue was stationed at Yuma, Arizona, where, while serving as an observer, he was killed in the crash of a Border Patrol airplane being flown by Airplane Pilot Friedrich Karl, also of Yuma.  The officers were on a sign cutting and aircraft patrol assignment, having departed from the Yuma County Airport at approximately 6:00 a.m., on October 4, 1973. The flight also served to acquaint Senior Patrol Agent Blue with portions of the Yuma Sector since he had transferred there a short time before.
 
After some five hours of flight, the officers landed at the Stoker Company Airport at Tacna, Arizona, for a rest stop and to communicate with units from the Tacna Station relative to patrol plans and operations.  At approximately 12:00 noon, shortly after take-off from Tacna, the airplane struck a static line near the top of 52-foot poles of the Wellton Irrigation District power line. Contact of the landing gear with the static line caused the plane to flip, invert, and fall to the ground in an upside-down position.  Both of the officers were killed instantly upon impact.

Burial Details Unknown


2012

Nicholas J. Ivie
Date of Birth                         October 13, 1981
Entered on Duty:                  January 3, 2008
Title:                                       Border Patrol Agent
End of Watch:                       October 2, 2012
 
Details:
On October 2, 2012, Border Patrol Agent Nicholas J. Ivie, of the Brian A. Terry Border Patrol Station was mortally wounded in the line of duty. Agent Ivie and separate group of two Border Patrol Agents were responding to a sensor activation in a remote area near Bisbee, Arizona.  Agent Ivie and one of the other Border Patrol Agents mistook the other in the darkness as an armed threat.  They engaged each other, unknowingly in a friendly versus friendly gunfight.  Both agents were injured by gunfire, with Agent Ivie suffering a fatal wound.
 
Agent Ivie entered on duty as a member of the 733rd academy session on January 3, 2008.  Agent Ivie was 30 years old at the time of his death and leaves behind a wife, two daughters, his parents and four siblings.

​Gravesite


​2019

Robert M. Hotten
Date of Birth:                         September 24, 1975 
Entered on Duty:                   September 10, 2009 
Title:                                        Border Patrol Agent 
End of Watch:                        October 6, 2019 
 
Details: 
On October 6, 2019, BPA Robert M. Hotten was investigating potential illegal cross-border activity in extremely rugged terrain near Patagonia, Arizona.  After he failed to respond to radio calls, fellow agents responded to his last known location and found him unresponsive.  Agent Hotten was airlifted to a hospital in Nogales, Arizona where he was later pronounced deceased. 
 
Agent Hotten entered on duty with the United States Border Patrol on September 10, 2009, as a member of the 910th session of the Border Patrol Academy.  He was assigned to the Sonoita Border Patrol Station in the Tucson Sector following his graduation.  Agent Hotten served with the United States Border Patrol for over 10 years.
 
Burial Details Unknown