June 25 - July 1IntroGood Morning! Welcome to another This Week in USBP History! Salute to the Guardians of the Border Reflecting on USBP’s Legacy & Looking Ahead This week we embrace the winds of change and bid farewell to Chief Raul Ortiz, the 25th Chief of the Border Patrol, who retires after an illustrious career spanning over three decades. Chief Ortiz set a great precedence of humility as he had reconsidered his past decision, and a commitment to valuing the workforce in August 2022 as described in THIS WEEK IN USBP HISTORY, VOL. 52. Simultaneously, we welcome Chief Jason Owens as the 26th Chief of the Border Patrol. As a beacon of hope, Chief Owens is tasked with navigating the tumultuous waters of border security with grace and resolve, and a laser focus on the betterment of the workforce.
Chief Ortiz and Chief Maddocks are the embodiment of dedication, having served beyond the mandatory retirement age of 57 through waivers. This is noteworthy, especially at a time when many agents are retiring sooner than mandatory, often well within two years of becoming retirement eligible The USBP's culture is integral to its identity. Its rich history and traditions have shaped the character and values of the agents, guiding them through challenging terrain and circumstances. To mitigate attrition and address staffing issues, numerous suggestions have been put forth in earlier blog posts:
Now, let’s address the challenges ahead. A recent GAO report described the Patrol's attrition at about 7%, but some say it may be closer to 9%. The Border Patrol’s agent numbers have fallen well below 19,000. With an academy class of approximately 50 trainees and less than 2% of applicants becoming Border Patrol Agents, the challenge of maintaining the workforce is evident. Here’s a breakdown of what the attrition rates mean for the Border Patrol: At a 7% attrition rate:
At a 9% attrition rate:
The difference in the number of employees leaving between a 7% and a 9% attrition rate for each workforce size is significant. For instance, for a workforce of 20,000, the difference is 400 employees, which is equivalent to 8 Academy classes! The challenge is significant! Looking Forward As Chief Jason Owens takes charge, addressing the attrition rate is likely to be one of the greatest challenges facing the Patrol. Creating an environment that encourages agents to stay, as well as implementing effective recruiting strategies, will be essential. The Border Patrol is an essential institution for the safety and security of our borders. With new leadership and a commitment to addressing the challenges ahead, there is hope for a strong and resilient future. Stay tuned for next week’s volume as we continue to delve into the rich history and the evolving challenges and triumphs of the United States Border Patrol. This week's history unveils intriguing chapters from the United States Border Patrol's past. In 1907, Father of the U.S. Border Patrol Frank W. Berkshire assumed the role of the first Supervising Inspector for the Mexican Border. Fast forward to 1924, a significant milestone was reached with the official confirmation of the title "Patrol Inspector". Meanwhile, in 1959, the Patrol Inspectors of the Ogdensburg Sector showcased their dedication by providing security for Vice-President Richard Nixon and Queen Elizabeth II during the Moses-Saunders Power Dam dedication. These events offer a glimpse into the agency's early days, reflecting its growth, challenges, and notable achievements. Join us as we delve into these captivating historical moments and much more. As we delve into the past, we also pause to honor the memory of three Patrol heroes on the anniversary of their Newton-Azrak Award actions. Additionally, we remember and pay tribute to two of the Patrol's fallen officers on the anniversaries of their deaths. Enjoy and have a great week! Cliff P.S. - As an open and continuous invitation to current and former USBP employees, I am always accepting photos to post in the USBP Photo Galleries and in the Upholding Honor First pages. I sure would appreciate you visiting those pages and sending me anything that you think I could post (just send them to [email protected]). As always, make sure to explore all of the hyperlinks to the documents and pages. Finally, please forward this blog to whomever you think may enjoy it. ESPRIT DE CORPSThe workplace climate resulting from a combination of organizational pride and employee morale.
Esprit de corps is reinforced through the shared goals, mission and values of the organization and its employees. The definition turns Esprit de Corps into a simple formula and defines parts that comprise organizational pride and employee morale. Esprit de Corps = Organizational Pride + Employee Morale Esprit de Corps is the key to a healthy organization and engaged employees. Honor First is foundational to the Border Patrol's organizational pride and integral to its Esprit de Corps. THROWBACK PHOTO OF THE WEEKStraight-line braking! Don't crush the apex! Accelerate out of the turn! A blast from the past: Every Border Patrol Agent, past and present, can almost hear the instructors’ fervent shouts – 'Straight-line braking! Don't crush the apex! Accelerate out of the turn!' – as they raced to master high-speed pursuits at the Border Patrol Academy. It's a time when steering wheels are gripped tight and hearts raced faster than the engines. DOCUMENTS AND EVENTS1907
1917
1924
1925
1926
1927
1932
1940
1943
1959
1970
1982
NEWTON-AZRAK AWARD |
Introduction Greetings to all members of the U.S. Border Patrol community, both current and former. As agents who have been on the front lines, you understand more than anyone the critical mission of safeguarding America's borders and enhancing the nation's economic prosperity (2022-2026 , U.S. Border Patrol Strategy). The role and duties of the USBP, as prescribed by the U.S. Code (6 U.S. Code § 211), primarily focus on interdicting persons attempting to illegally enter or exit the United States and deterring and preventing the illegal entry of terrorists, terrorist weapons, and contraband. |
As you well know, the landscape has become increasingly challenging over the years. Encounters at the border have risen to more than two million, and the strain on the workforce has been significant, particularly with the decrease in the number of agents from over 21,000 in 2011 to just over 18,000 today.
The Morale Challenge This physical and logistical strain has been accompanied by a morale challenge. A report from the Department of Homeland Security's Office of Inspector General warned about the impact of intensifying conditions at the Southwest Border on the health and morale of CBP and ICE employees. Furthermore, the Partnership for Public Service ranked the CBP as 419 out of 432 subcomponent agencies in the federal government, indicating a need for improvement in terms of workplace satisfaction. |
In response to these challenges, the leadership of the USBP has shown unwavering commitment to their mission and the well-being of their personnel. The 2022-2026 U.S. Border Patrol Strategy emphasizes that every Border Patrol Agent and employee plays a critical role in ensuring national security. The leadership must also embody the principles of Simon Sinek: "It's not about being in charge, it's about taking care of those in your charge". This philosophy underscores the importance of each individual in the organization and their contribution to the collective mission, demonstrating a focus on supporting and caring for the members of the USBP.
The Spirit of Honor First and Esprit de Corps
Despite these challenges, the USBP continues to embody its motto of "Honor First" and the principle of "Esprit de Corps". This spirit is present in every apprehension they make, every migrant they process, and every patrol they conduct. In the face of adversity, the USBP stands firm in their commitment to protect the nation and its people.
Looking Forward
The U.S. Border Patrol, despite facing numerous challenges, continues its vigilance in maintaining the security of the U.S. borders. Its agents, driven by a strong sense of duty and purpose, embody the spirit of "Honor First". As we look forward to a future with continued challenges, the U.S. Border Patrol stands ready to face them, always putting the nation and its people first.
Call to Action
For those of you currently serving and those who have served, we invite you to engage with us. Share this post within your network, engage in constructive conversations, and share your insights and experiences. Your firsthand knowledge is invaluable in fostering understanding and positive change.
Comments
We encourage you to leave your comments below. Share your thoughts, ask questions, or offer insights. Let's engage in a constructive dialogue about the challenges faced by the U.S. Border Patrol and the path forward. Your engagement is crucial in fostering understanding and positive change.
We remember two of the Patrol's heroes on the anniversary of their Newton-Azrak Award actions.
We remember two of the Patrol's fallen on the anniversaries of their deaths.
Enjoy and have a great week!
Cliff
P.S. - As an open and continuous invitation to current and former USBP employees, I am always accepting photos to post in the USBP Photo Galleries and in the Upholding Honor First pages. I sure would appreciate you visiting those pages and sending me anything that you think I could post (just send them to [email protected]). As always, make sure to explore all of the hyperlinks to the documents and pages. Finally, please forward this blog to whomever you think may enjoy it.
ESPRIT DE CORPS
- Organizational pride is the positive feeling experienced by employees from being part of a meaningful team that is rich in history, tradition and culture.
- Employee morale is the feeling experienced by employee based in part on their perception of:
- Being valued by the organization,
- Fairly compensated, and
- Performing meaningful work.
Esprit de corps is reinforced through the shared goals, mission and values of the organization and its employees.
The definition turns Esprit de Corps into a simple formula and defines parts that comprise organizational pride and employee morale.
Esprit de Corps = Organizational Pride + Employee Morale
Esprit de Corps is the key to a healthy organization and engaged employees.
Honor First is foundational to the Border Patrol's organizational pride and integral to its Esprit de Corps.
THROWBACK PHOTO OF THE WEEK
DOCUMENTS AND EVENTS
- On June 23, 1909, an announcement was issued for the position of Immigration Guard. The documents also states that the announcement will be used to hire the position of watchmen.
- This document from May 23, 1906, shows the positions and pay that existed three years earlier. Guard was not on that list.
1918
- On June 19, 1918, Commissioner-General Anthony J. Caminetti (1854-1923) wrote a memo to the Secretary of the Department of Labor, William B. Wilson (1862-1934). The memo described how the Secretary of States approved a plan to create a border patrol and Caminetti recommended that Wilson speak to the President to secure funding to create the patrol. In a handwritten comment, Wilson responded, "I shall not ask for funds to put this program into effect until the Departments interested demonstrate the need of it more fully than they have thus far done."
1924
- Beginning in June 1924, the eleven immigration districts that were on the borders began hiring Patrol Inspector and promoting Immigrant Inspectors and designating them as Patrol Inspectors in Charge. See this 30-page file for some of the first people hired to be part of the Immigration Border Patrol.
- Until 1926, when General Order 61 was implemented, the Border Patrol only had two positions, Patrol Inspectors and Immigrant Inspectors that were designated to be Patrol Inspectors in Charge. The position of Patrol Inspector in Charge would be renamed to Chief Patrol Inspector under General Order 61.
- On June 21, 1924, future Chief of the Border Patrol, Willard F. Kelly (1903-1969) entered on duty as a Patrol Inspector as per his Oath of Office. Kelly would become the third person to hold the position of Chief of the Border Patrol (1933-1943) and the first Chief to have first been a Patrol Inspector.
- Kelly was the 4th Chief of the Border Patrol. George Harris (1876-1941) would be one of the first two "Chiefs" of the Border Patrol in 1926 and the only person to have been "Chief" twice (the position was called Supervisor in 1926 and Director in 1932).
- On June 22, 1924, the Commissioner of Immigration for the Montreal District (District #1), informed the Central Office that Charles E. Grey would be promoted to an Immigrant Inspector that was designated as a Patrol Inspector in Charge.
- Earl Crandlemire (1880-1966) is mentioned the memo and would complete a successful career in the Immigration Service.
1931
- On June 24, 1931, Commissioner-General Harry E. Hull (1864-1938) responded to a manpower request submitted by the Commissioner of Immigration for the Montreal District. The document provides the positions and locations for all employees in the district.
- On June 24, 1931, Commissioner-General Hull responded to an invitation for Patrol Inspectors to compete from the National Rifle Association. Interestingly, the document identifies the NRA's headquarters as the Barr Building in Washington D.C. The building is still standing an is located one block award from CBP's H Street facility.
1936
- On June 23, 1936, a memo was written to the field authorizing the wearing of slacks on the northern border April-October. This memo appears to mark the end of the wearing of puttees and boots by Patrol Inspectors. See the related documents below:
- On April 26, 1934, Irving F. Wixon (1884-1962) wrote a memo concerning Patrol Inspectors wearing breeches and puttees versus slacks.
- On May 2, 1934, the Second Supplement (page 3) to the Border Patrol's second uniform policy, General Order 179 (September 10, 1931) took effect, authorizing the wearing of slacks on the northern border April-October.
1940
- On June 24, 1940, an order for 25 Thompson submachine guns and 30,000 rounds was submitted. The memo identifies which sectors would receive the firearms.
1942
- On June 22, 1942, a memo was written concerning badges for guards assigned to work at alien detention camps (not the same as internment camps). A few things of interest about this brief memo:
- It identifies the location of the Central Office (HQ) as being in Philadelphia.
- It identifies W.F. Millier as the Assistant Chief Supervisor of Border Patrol. This position is believed to have evolved into the position of Deputy Chief of the Border Patrol. Walter Frederick Miller (1893-1967) is believed to have been the first person to hold the position.
1956
- On June 21, 1956, a cancellation of a transfer was issued detailing the cancellation of a planned transfer for Patrol Inspector George E. Newman, who had graduated with Class 59 on June 8, 1955. This memo serves as a representative example of the administrative procedures and decisions commonly made during that time. It also provides information about several individuals who held various positions within the organization.
1998
- An interesting fact that was found during research was that INS senior leadership questioned the use of INS salaries and expenses appropriations to purchase the 75th Anniversary Medals by the U.S. Border Patrol. In a June 18, 1998, memorandum, the INS requested a decision through the Office of Comptroller General of the United States and the General Accounting Office. Quoting the INS memorandum, the GAO states,
- INS recognizes that an agency, generally, has discretion to decide how to apply its appropriations, but asks whether the Border Patrol’s justification is adequate. INS expresses concern that “[t]he expenditures associated with the development, production and distribution of the commemorative medals would not in any way be directly connected to, or further the purposes underlying, INS’ salaries and expenses appropriation.” INS concludes that its salaries and expenses appropriation is not available for the purchase of commemorative medals, but asks for our decision nevertheless.
- From - HONOR FIRST: The Story of the United States Border Patrol - Volume Three 1975-1999 by Joseph Banco
NEWTON-AZRAK AWARD
ACTION ANNIVERSARIES
- An organization’s values are codified in its awards system. Recognizing the achievements, service and heroism of employees is important. It is critical for those in positions of leadership to value the workforce. Awards are a fundamental manner for leaders to demonstrate appreciation to the workforce for upholding the organizational values. – U.S. Border Patrol Honorary Awards
Robert E. Jolicoeur
Border Patrol Agent
Del Rio Sector
On June 21, 1990, Border Patrol Agent Robert E. Jolicoeur responded to a call for assistance from the Eagle Pass Police Department concerning a possible hostage situation. After lengthy negotiations with the heavily armed suspect by local policy authorities had failed, Agent Jolicoeur risked his life to disarm and subdue the individual. His professionalism and unselfish dedication resulted in the successful termination of a critical situation without injury or loss of life.
1999
Jay Visconti - photo, statuette
Border Patrol Agent
San Diego Sector
On June 24, 1999, Border Patrol Agent Jay Visconti observed an automobile driving erratically on northbound Interstate 15, in San Diego, California. Agent Visconti was on-duty and returning from firearms training. Agent Visconti maneuvered his marked Border Patrol sedan closer to the erratically moving automobile and was able to ascertain that the driver of the vehicle was in serious distress. Agent Visconti then observed that the front seat passenger was attempting to steer the vehicle.
Agent Visconti realized that this was an extremely grave situation. Traffic was very congested during this time and there was a great deal of danger to the safety of the motoring public. Agent Visconti activated his overhead lights and created a traffic break. The erratically moving vehicle did not stop, but pulled over to the shoulder of the road and continued at a slow rate of speed. Agent Visconti pulled over and, exiting his vehicle, ran alongside of the offending vehicle until he was able to jump in through the passenger window and turn off the ignition.
The driver was apparently suffering from a heart attack. Agent Visconti immediately activated the emergency medical system and proceeded to render first aid treatment. When the San Diego Police and Fire Departments arrived, the driver was in full cardiac arrest and Agent Visconti was performing cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) on her.
Tragically, the afflicted driver of the automobile did not survive. Upon being relieved of performing CPR, Agent Visconti was instrumental in directing the fast moving traffic around the scene of the stop and providing much needed support to the grieving passenger.
U.S. BORDER PATROL FALLEN
ANNIVERSARIES
- 3 Mounted Watchmen who served before 1924.
- 49 Border Patrol Inspectors who fell between 1924 and 1970.
- 101 courageous Border Patrol Agents who have given their lives since 1970.
- 1 dedicated Enforcement Analysis Specialist.
The names listed below are respected and remembered for their ultimate sacrifice in fulfilling the oath to protect and defend the United States of America.
In preserving the historical context, the descriptions about each officer's circumstances are presented with minimal editing to maintain the original "language of the day".
Complying with the Privacy Act of 1974, any causes of death related to lethal illnesses contracted in the line of duty will not be disclosed.
It's noteworthy that Border Patrol Agent John Charles Gigax's name is inscribed on the National Law Enforcement Officer's Memorial, yet his sacrifice is not officially recognized by the Customs and Border Protection or the U.S. Border Patrol.
However, HonorFirst.com proudly acknowledges and includes Agent Gigax among our memorialized heroes.
Earl F. Fleckinger
Date of Birth: July 25, 1917
Entered on Duty: September 8, 1941
Title: Patrol Inspector
End of Watch: June 23, 1945
Details:
At about 3:00 p.m. on the afternoon of June 23, 1945, Patrol Inspectors Earl F. Fleckinger and Wilbur E. Kinney were patrolling on U.S. Highway No. 98 about 1 1/2 miles east of Calexico, California, when they stopped and searched an automobile driven by a Mexican alien. Search of the automobile disclosed a quantity of liquor in the rear compartment, whereupon the alien was placed under arrest. The officers then started west toward Calexico with the alien. Inspector Fleckinger was driving the government automobile with the alien seated beside him and Inspector Kinney was following immediately behind in the alien's automobile. They had proceeded about one mile when Mr. Kinney heard two shots and observed the government automobile swerve off the road and into an adjacent canal bank.
Mr. Kinney stopped the alien's car about 10 or 15 yards ahead of the government car, and while he was attempting to get out of the automobile, the alien fired four shots, which failed to hit him. Inspector Kinney pursued, caught and subdued the alien, and left him in an apparently unconscious condition lying prone in the center of the highway. Mr. Kinney then went to the aid of Inspector Fleckinger, at which time his attention was drawn back to the alien who was observed to be staggering across the international boundary into Mexico.
Inspector Fleckinger was taken to a hospital in Calexico by a passerby. He had been shot in the head, which resulted in his death about 6:15 p.m. on the same day.
Gravesite
1961
Kenneth L. Carl
Date of Birth: September 5, 1926
Entered on Duty: August 17, 1953
Title: Airplane Pilot
End of Watch: June 18, 1961
Details:
During the hours after midnight on Saturday, June 17, 1961, several jeep teams composed of Patrol Inspectors from Calexico, California, tracked two illegal aliens to an alfalfa field near El Centro, California. Personnel of the jeep patrol encircled the field and prevented possible egress of the aliens. At dawn on June 18, 1961, officers at the scene initiated a radio message to Sector for aerial patrol assistance in spotting the aliens.
Pilot Kenneth L. Carl was airborne at approximately 5:30 a.m. in a Piper Supercub. He immediately initiated low observation passes over the field. In a short time, one of the illegal aliens raised his head above the level of the alfalfa and was spotted by the pilot and ground units. When the first capture had been accomplished, the Patrol Inspectors ascertained the description, dress, and name of the second alien and radioed that information to Pilot Carl. The pilot was reported to have been flying at reduced air speed and very close to the ground, when the aircraft stalled and struck the ground. Pilot Carl was pronounced dead prior to being removed from the scene of the accident. It was later ascertained that his heart had been crushed within the rib cage on impact with the instrument panel.
Gravesite
June 11 - June 17
Intro
Welcome to another This Week in USBP History!
It is with great pride that I announce that Chief Jason Owens will be appointed as the next Chief of the U.S. Border Patrol. Chief Owens has served in the U.S. Border Patrol for more than 25 years, rising through the ranks to hold key leadership positions at every level. His career to date includes Chief of the U.S. Border Patrol Academy, Chief of the Houlton Sector, and his current assignment as Chief of the Del Rio Sector. Over the course of his career, Chief Owens has demonstrated consistent dedication to the border security and homeland security missions, and to the men and women who carry out these responsibilities every day. I am confident that he will ably lead the U.S. Border Patrol into its 100th year and beyond.
Now to the intro!
Greetings, current and former Border Patrol agents. This blog post is dedicated to you—those who have steadfastly upheld the ethos of "Honor First" amid countless challenging situations, and those who might find themselves contemplating or in a position to blow the whistle. This blog seeks to guide potential whistleblowers, promoting self-correction, and strengthening the bedrock of our organization: Honor First.
Unraveling the Dilemma: Whistleblowing vs. Reporting Misconduct
Often, the terms "whistleblowing" and "reporting misconduct" are used interchangeably, but understanding the nuanced differences between them is paramount. Reporting misconduct refers to alerting relevant authorities within an organization about unacceptable behaviors, such as inappropriate actions by colleagues, discriminatory, or harassing behavior. Reports of misconduct are typically handled internally by designated departments.
Whistleblowing, on the other hand, generally implies escalating the issue outside of the immediate organization when it involves significant violations like unlawful activities, corruption, or activities that pose a substantial risk to public interest. Whistleblowing is often associated with larger, systemic issues within an organization and can involve an external authority like the Department of Homeland Security Office of Inspector General, or the Office of Special Counsel.
Knowing when to blow the whistle can be a complex issue. The challenge lies in trusting a supervisor or an organization that appears to be violating a law, regulation, or policy. When does one's perception of right or wrong trump those of a supervisor or the authoritative directives of the organization? Therein lies the delicate balance of whistleblowing—standing on the slippery slope between individual conscience and organizational adherence.
The Guiding Light: "Honor First"
Our core principle, "Honor First," embodies a multitude of virtues—integrity, honesty, decency, fairness, sincerity, truthfulness, and trustworthiness. This principle underlines our duty to address any misconduct, big or small, serving as a guiding light that prompts us towards self-correction and responsibility. As Border Patrol Agents of all ranks, we're entrusted with upholding this motto in both letter and spirit.
Taking the Leap: How to Blow the Whistle
If you witness or learn about serious misconduct, it's crucial to report it. CBP employees have an obligation to do so through the appropriate mechanisms such as the Joint Intake Center at 1-877-2INTAKE or [email protected], the Immigration and Customs Enforcement, Office of Professional Responsibility, or the Office of Inspector General at 1-800-323-8603 or [email protected]. Reporting is the first step towards self-correction, an essential aspect of upholding the motto "Honor First."
Keeping Perspective: The Cost of Whistleblowing
Historically, whistleblowers have often faced substantial personal and professional costs, frequently being ostracized and branded as traitors by their organizations. Despite this, it's important to remember that the act of whistleblowing is deeply rooted in an innate sense of justice. The road might be challenging, but the belief in maintaining the integrity of the Border Patrol makes it worthwhile.
Conclusion: Upholding Our Motto, “Honor First”
Our roles as Border Patrol Agents are pivotal. Our actions matter, and our integrity is paramount. Upholding "Honor First" might entail making tough calls like whistleblowing. While the journey might be challenging, it is vital to preserving the honor and integrity of the Border Patrol.
We remember three of the Patrol's heroes on the anniversary of their Newton-Azrak Award actions.
During this week, we solemnly remember six of our fallen, including Theodore L. Newton, Jr. and George F. Azrak, who tragically lost their lives in the same incident in 1967. It is with a heavy heart that we acknowledge the nine separate occasions on which the USBP has experienced the devastating loss of two Agents/Inspectors in a single event, totaling 18 fallen. We honor their memory and sacrifice, with their names listed below:
- Donald Kee and William F. Buckelew in 1954
- Douglas C. Shute and James M. Carter in 1956
- Theodore L. Newton, Jr. and George F. Azrak in 1967
- Friedrich Karl and John S. Blue in 1973
- Susan L. Rodriguez and Ricardo G. Salinas in 1998
- Jesus de la Ossa and Thomas J. Williams in 1998
- Travis W. Attaway and Jeremy M. Wilson in 2004
- Ramon Nevarez, Jr. and David J. Tourscher in 2007
- Hector R. Clark and Eduardo Rojas, Jr. in 2011
Enjoy and have a great week!
Cliff
P.S. - As an open and continuous invitation to current and former USBP employees, I am always accepting photos to post in the USBP Photo Galleries and in the Upholding Honor First pages. I sure would appreciate you visiting those pages and sending me anything that you think I could post (just send them to [email protected]). As always, make sure to explore all of the hyperlinks to the documents and pages. Finally, please forward this blog to whomever you think may enjoy it.
ESPRIT DE CORPS
- Organizational pride is the positive feeling experienced by employees from being part of a meaningful team that is rich in history, tradition and culture.
- Employee morale is the feeling experienced by employee based in part on their perception of:
- Being valued by the organization,
- Fairly compensated, and
- Performing meaningful work.
Esprit de corps is reinforced through the shared goals, mission and values of the organization and its employees.
The definition turns Esprit de Corps into a simple formula and defines parts that comprise organizational pride and employee morale.
Esprit de Corps = Organizational Pride + Employee Morale
Esprit de Corps is the key to a healthy organization and engaged employees.
Honor First is foundational to the Border Patrol's organizational pride and integral to its Esprit de Corps.
THROWBACK PHOTO OF THE WEEK
DOCUMENTS AND EVENTS
- On June 12, 1922, a memo was written for Henry Carpenter Smither Sr. (1873-1930) outlining a meeting that had occurred to discuss whole of government border patrol activities.
- Brigadier General Smither (as a Colonel) was assigned as the federal government's Chief Coordinator with the function of identifying and correcting duplications of effort. With multiple federal agencies performing law enforcement work along the borders, his office took notice.
- Smither would play a role in bills in the late 1920's designed to consolidate federal enforcement actions under a single border patrol within the Department of Labor. See this 1927 article.
- Related to the entry above, a memo was written describing a June 12, 1922, sub-committee meeting that discussed suggestions concerning enforcing federal law on the border.
- On June 14, 1922, Commissioner-General William W. Husband (1871-1942) wrote a letter to Seattle Commissioner of Immigration Luther Weedin (1872-1942) explaining the discussions that were occurring concerning enforcing federal law on the border.
- On June 15, 1922, the Commissioner of Immigration for the Montreal District wrote a memo to the Commissioner-General that contained his suggestion to NOT create a border patrol force for the northern border but to cross-designate positions for greater efficiencies in enforcement.
- Also known as District #1, the Montreal District encompassed regions that correspond to present-day Houlton, Swanton, Buffalo, and Detroit Sectors. The district was organized into five subdivisions, which were later renamed as 'sectors' starting from the 1940s. The leadership of these districts was vested in individuals bearing the titles "Commissioner of Immigration" or "District Director."
1926
- On June 16, 1926, the Commissioner of Immigration for the Montreal District, Henry R. Landis (1880-1950), wrote a memo to the Commissioner-General identifying the sub-districts, stations and Border Patrol personnel assigned to his district. this is one of the earliest and most complete rosters for the area.
1927
- On June 15, 1927, documents describe a shooting involving Border Patrol Inspector Ivan Williams (1895-1980). The situation had several interesting aspects:
- Inspector Williams was driving another inspector's personal car,
- Inspector Williams was transporting a person in the POV,
- Inspector Williams spotted another car that he thought was transporting alcohol,
- When Inspector Williams signaled for the other car to stop, gunfire erupted and Williams returned fire at a moving vehicle.
- On June 13, 1928, former Acting Commissioner-General George Harris (1876-1941) wrote a memo to the Commissioner of Immigration for the Montreal District informing him that fabric for insignia of rank and time-in-service was being shipped to them. Several items of interest are contained in the memo:
- Harris would be one of the first two "Chiefs" of the Border Patrol in 1926 and the only person to have been "Chief" twice (the position was called Supervisor in 1926 and Director in 1932).
- I would also mention that on his death in 1941, man newspapers referred to him as the "Father of the Border Patrol". However, not document have been discovered that demonstrate his contributions as exists to support Frank Berkshire having the title "Father of the Border Patrol".
- The rank and time-in-service insignia were newly implemented in an amendment to the Patrol's first uniform policy, General Order 42. Please see the U.S. Border Patrol’s Early Rank and Time-in-Service Insignia page for more information.
- Harris would be one of the first two "Chiefs" of the Border Patrol in 1926 and the only person to have been "Chief" twice (the position was called Supervisor in 1926 and Director in 1932).
1936
- On June 15, 1936, Irving F. Wixon (1884-1962) wrote a memo to the Commissioner-General concerning recommendations to transfer the sub-district headquarters in south Texas from Brownsville to McAllen. The memo discusses anticipated resistance to the move and states that the construction of a new headquarters building would cost approximately $50,000.
1939
- On June 16, 1939, the Immigration and Naturalization Service requested the specifications for the eight-pointed hat worn by New York City police officers. The eight-pointed hat would be approved for wear by Border Patrol Inspectors in the 1940's and replaced the Pershing hat which had been authorized for wear since 1924.
- On June 14, 1940, under President Franklin D. Roosevelt’s Reorganization Program V, the U.S. Border Patrol as part of the Immigration and Naturalization Service (INS) was transferred from the Department of Labor to the Department of Justice.
- From - HONOR FIRST: The Story of the United States Border Patrol - Volume I by Joseph Banco
1954
- Operation Wetback - Phase II of Operation Wetback initiated on June 17, 1954, with a force of 750 Border Patrolmen detailed from all 22 Border Patrol Sectors to El Centro and Chula Vista Sectors.
- From - HONOR FIRST: The Story of the United States Border Patrol - Volume II by Joseph Banco
1955
- On June 15, 1955, a memo was written concerning intelligence reporting requirements. In the memo, Harlon Carter (1913-1991) was the Action Assistant Commissioner of the Enforcement Division. He was Chief of the Border Patrol 1950-1957 and the first Chief to have graduated from the Academy (photo).
1967
- On June 17, 1967, Patrol Inspectors Theodore L. Newton, Jr. and George F. Azrak were murdered in the line of duty, marking the third time in USBP history that the Patrol had lost two employees due to the same event. See this link for more information about the murders and the investigation.
2001
- The U.S. Border Patrol Purple Cross was established on June 12, 2001, and the first medals were issued in 2002. Paul Conover would be the first recipient of the U.S. Border Patrol Purple Cross, receiving it in a ceremony in 2002, although several recipients would receive them retroactively.
- From - HONOR FIRST: The Story of the United States Border Patrol - Volume Three 1975-1999 by Joseph Banco
- See the HonorFirst.com Purple Cross webpage for some of the recipients.
NEWTON-AZRAK AWARD
ACTION ANNIVERSARIES
- An organization’s values are codified in its awards system. Recognizing the achievements, service and heroism of employees is important. It is critical for those in positions of leadership to value the workforce. Awards are a fundamental manner for leaders to demonstrate appreciation to the workforce for upholding the organizational values. – U.S. Border Patrol Honorary Awards
Diego Gonzales
Border Patrol Agent
El Paso Sector
On June 17, 1996, Border Patrol Agent Diego Gonzales was performing linewatch duties at the Franklin Headgates. At approximately 11:00 am, he patrolled his assigned area for any intrusion, and after having done so, positioned his vehicle to have a commanding view of his assignment.
As he peered through his binoculars, BPA Gonzales heard what he described later as a scream or shout. He immediately responded in his vehicle to investigate and observed a subject frantically attempting to stay afloat and at the same time desperately looking for something to hang on to and avoid from being sucked into the Franklin Headgates that were approximately 25 yards away.
BPA Gonzales immediately exited his vehicle having secured a life ring (flotation device) and there it out to the subject, thus managing to rescue him from the impending drowning. As he pulled him out of the concrete lined canal, the subject gasping for air was able to convey to BPA Gonzales that another individual had been sucked into the headgates.
BPA Gonzales quickly called out on his hand held radio asking for assistance and notifying all concerned as to the situation at hand. As the other units arrived on the scene, he coordinated their efforts in attempting to locate and/or rescue the subject. Several minutes had transpired and agents were alerted by people on the Mexican side of the river of a subject being flushed out of the headgates and into the Rio Grande River.
BPA Gonzales, without hesitation, handed SBPA Leandro M. Chavez his pistol belt and jumped into the river making his way to the subject who appeared unconscious. BPA Gonzales, along with the subject he had just rescued, managed to pull the subject to the Mexican side of the river and upon doing so, immediately commenced administering CPR.
BPA Gonzales continued his efforts to revive the subject for approximately 15 minutes, at which time a Mexican EMS unit arrived and pronounced the subject dead at the scene.
Due to BPA Gonzales’ attentiveness to both duty and the details of his work environment, his actions resulted in certain rescue of life from the treacherous waters of the Franklin Canal. Furthermore, he risked his own life in attempting to rescue the second individual.
1997
Stephen C. Starch
(1972-1997)
Border Patrol Agent
San Diego Sector
Posthumously Awarded
While performing assigned duties on Saturday, June 14, 1997, Border Patrol Agent Stephen C. Starch and Senior Patrol Agent Aric Curtis were patrolling the border area south of State Route 94 in the Dulzura, California area. During the mid-afternoon hours, the agents detected the foot tracks of what they believed to be a group of illegal entrant aliens traveling northbound across the Tecate Truck Trail in the immediate border area. Based upon their observations, both agents exited their Service vehicle and began following the tracks northbound on a trail, which leads into an area known as Cottonwood Canyon.
Upon reaching Cottonwood Creek, agents noticed that the tracks that they had been following veered to the west and began climbing a very steep, rugged incline towards an area known as Little Tecate Peak. Agents Starch and Curtis continued to follow the tracks up the rugged mountainside, and as they approached Little Tecate Peak, they separated, each taking a different trail in an attempt to intercept the group of suspected undocumented aliens. During the next hour, Agent Curtis attempted to contact Agent Starch numerous times via Service radio, and became concerned when he received no response. Agent Curtis immediately contacted Supervisory Border Patrol Agents Wayne Rock and Brian Brown, who also attempted to contact Agent Starch to no avail.
A ground search for Agent Starch began immediately, and air support from Border Patrol Air Operations, the San Diego Sheriff’s Department, and the San Diego Police Department was requested, but unavailable at the time. Air space in the greater San Diego area was severely restricted due to the departure of Air Force One from North Island Naval Air Station in Coronado. Within several minutes, U.S. Customs advised that they had received clearance from the U.S. Secret Service and would respond. A short time later, the U.S. Customs air unit “Lima 55” was in the area and assisting agents on the ground.
At approximately 6:30 p.m., Agent Curtis discovered Agent Starch at the base of a cliff and advised other agents of his exact location. A medical helicopter from Mercy Air was requested and responded to the scene. When Agent Curtis reached Agent Starch, he discovered that he had sustained severe head trauma and was not breathing. He immediately administered CPR, and was assisted by agents who arrived just minutes later. A U.S. Coast Guard rescue helicopter, summoned by U.S. Customs, was also on the scene.
Due to the remote and rough terrain, it was impossible for a higher medical authority to arrive at the immediate scene before dark. After nearly an hour of CPR, the attending EMT consulted with the Flight Doctor form Mercy Air by radio, and due to the severity of his injuries, the Physician pronounced Agent Starch dead at the scene. The U.S. Coast Guard Helicopter was able to extricate Agent Starch from the extremely rugged area with their winch and gurney. He was transported directly to Scripps Hospital in La Jolla.
Agents from the El Cajon Station, the San Diego Sector Evidence Team, and the San Diego County Sheriff’s Department Homicide Unit returned to the scene and determined, through careful investigation, that Agent Starch had in fact accidentally fallen approximately 150 feet and sustained fatal injuries. Further examination of the incident appeared to indicate that Agent Starch had fallen shortly after separating from Agent Curtis. Investigators further concluded that there was no indication of foul play.
1999
Christopher A. Ramnes
Border Patrol Agent
McAllen Sector
On June 17, 1999, at approximately 1:00 a.m., off-duty Border Patrol Agent Christopher A. Ramnes was driving home to retrieve his video camera to memorialize the birth of his first child when he observed a vehicle approaching an intersection at a high rate of speed. The driver failed to stop, continued through the intersection, and plunged into an irrigation canal.
Without hesitation, BPA Ramnes ran to the canal and jumped into the water. He reached into the submerged vehicle, grabbed a hand, and pulled a young man to the surface, then placed him onto the canal bank. He returned to the submerged vehicle two more times and extracted two more young men.
Agent Ramnes summoned emergency unity to the scene and continued to search for a fourth victim. Unfortunately, the fourth young man had been ejected from the vehicle and was later recovered a few feet from the vehicle.
U.S. BORDER PATROL FALLEN
ANNIVERSARIES
- 3 Mounted Watchmen who served before 1924.
- 49 Border Patrol Inspectors who fell between 1924 and 1970.
- 101 courageous Border Patrol Agents who have given their lives since 1970.
- 1 dedicated Enforcement Analysis Specialist.
The names listed below are respected and remembered for their ultimate sacrifice in fulfilling the oath to protect and defend the United States of America.
In preserving the historical context, the descriptions about each officer's circumstances are presented with minimal editing to maintain the original "language of the day".
Complying with the Privacy Act of 1974, any causes of death related to lethal illnesses contracted in the line of duty will not be disclosed.
It's noteworthy that Border Patrol Agent John Charles Gigax's name is inscribed on the National Law Enforcement Officer's Memorial, yet his sacrifice is not officially recognized by the Customs and Border Protection or the U.S. Border Patrol.
However, HonorFirst.com proudly acknowledges and includes Agent Gigax among our memorialized heroes.
Theodore L. Newton, Jr.
Date of Birth: July 30, 1941
Entered on Duty: April 11, 1966
Title: Patrol Inspector
End of Watch: June 17, 1967
Details:
Patrol Inspector Theodore Lawrence Newton, Jr., and Patrol Inspector (Trainee) George Frederick Azrak were found murdered in a remote deserted mountain cabin on June 19, 1967, following an intensive 48-hour search after they disappeared while on official duty. The men were kidnapped from their post during a traffic check operation near Oak Grove, California, in the early morning hours of June 17, 1967. The officers failed to report in and a hurried search failed to reveal the whereabouts of the men and their two vehicles, a jeep and a Border Patrol sedan. The Service jeep was soon located about a mile from the checkpoint. On June 19, 1967, a member of a jeep club from Hemet, California, spotted the missing Service sedan. The sedan had been covered with brush fifty feet from the deserted shack, where the posse located the bodies of the missing patrolmen.
In reconstructing the crimes, it now appears that Patrol Inspectors Newton and Azrak intercepted a vehicle with over 800 pounds of marijuana. While checking this vehicle, the officers were overpowered by four convicted felons, two of whom had been following the load of marijuana in a second vehicle. The officers were then taken to the mountain cabin where they were made to lie prone with their arms extended toward each other. The right wrist of one man was handcuffed to the left wrist of the other, and vice versa. While incapacitated in this manner they were shot and killed. Autopsies performed revealed Patrol Inspector Newton had been shot once in the head while three shots were fired into Patrol Inspector Azrak, two in the head and one in the chest. Their bodies bore no marks to indicate there had been a struggle.
Gravesite
George F. Azrak
Date of Birth: June 30, 1945
Entered on Duty: May 15, 1967
Title: Patrol Inspector (Trainee)
End of Watch: June 17, 1967
Details:
Patrol Inspector Theodore Lawrence Newton, Jr., and Patrol Inspector (Trainee) George Frederick Azrak were found murdered in a remote deserted mountain cabin on June 19, 1967, following an intensive 48-hour search after they disappeared while on official duty. The men were kidnapped from their post during a traffic check operation near Oak Grove, California, in the early morning hours of June 17, 1967. The officers failed to report in and a hurried search failed to reveal the whereabouts of the men and their two vehicles, a jeep and a Border Patrol sedan. The Service jeep was soon located about a mile from the checkpoint. On June 19, 1967, a member of a jeep club from Hemet, California, spotted the missing Service sedan. The sedan had been covered with brush fifty feet from the deserted shack, where the posse located the bodies of the missing patrolmen.
In reconstructing the crimes, it now appears that Patrol Inspectors Newton and Azrak intercepted a vehicle with over 800 pounds of marijuana. While checking this vehicle, the officers were overpowered by four convicted felons, two of whom had been following the load of marijuana in a second vehicle. The officers were then taken to the mountain cabin where they were made to lie prone with their arms extended toward each other. The right wrist of one man was handcuffed to the left wrist of the other, and vice versa. While incapacitated in this manner they were shot and killed. Autopsies performed revealed Patrol Inspector Newton had been shot once in the head while three shots were fired into Patrol Inspector Azrak, two in the head and one in the chest. Their bodies bore no marks to indicate there had been a struggle.
Gravesite
1985
Lester L. Haynie
Date of Birth: October 13, 1945
Entered on Duty: October 14, 1975
Title: Airplane Pilot Trainee
End of Watch: June 14, 1985
Details:
On the morning of June 14, 1985, Pilot Lester L. Haynie had been working with ground units 12 miles west of Yuma, Arizona. Having apprehended five aliens at Dunes Siding, Pilot Haynie radioed the ground units that he was flying to another siding. There were no witnesses to the crash that occurred at 7:51 a.m., reported at 8:18 a.m. by a Southern Pacific Railroad engineer. The Border Patrol plane was upside down under San Diego Power and Light cables in Imperial County, California, 100 yards north of the Southern Pacific Railroad tracks near Dunes Siding, two miles west of Sidewinder Road. Investigation determined that Pilot Haynie had failed to gain altitude to clear the power lines.
Gravesite
1992
Louis D. Stahl
Date of Birth: August 19, 1942
Entered on Duty: October 9, 1973
Title: Airplane Pilot
End of Watch: June 13, 1992
Details:
On June 13, 1992, Pilot Louis Stahl was reportedly tracking a group of illegal aliens near the railroad tracks in a mountainous area near Sunland Park, New Mexico. According to witnesses, the Hughes OH6A helicopter, piloted by Agent Stahl, dropped down and snagged a string of power lines, which hung approximately 300 feet above the tracks. The contact with the power lines tilted his aircraft to the right and into another set of utility lines. The helicopter was then thrown downward and it nose-dived into a nearby canyon, slamming upside down on the desert floor in a valley north of Mount Cristo Rey.
The cockpit was demolished in the crash, and Agent Stahl was pinned underneath the wreckage. After seeing the crash, the subjects who were observed by the pilot, reportedly raced a half-mile east to go get help at the American Eagle Brick Company, where workers dialed 911. The workers then drove to the site and attempted to lift the smashed aircraft off the pilot. Shortly thereafter, firefighters, police, and Border Patrol Agents arrived at the scene to render aid. The downed pilot was pulled from the wreckage and was pronounced dead. His body was taken to Thomason General Hospital.
Gravesite
1997
Stephen C. Starch
Date of Birth: January 3, 1972
Entered on Duty: November 13, 1995
Title: Border Patrol Agent
End of Watch: June 14, 1997
Details:
On June 14, 1997, Border Patrol Agent Stephen C. Starch and Senior Patrol Agent Aric Curtis were patrolling the border area south of State Route 94 in the Dulzura, California area. During the midafternoon hours, they found tracks of suspected illegal immigrants. Fully aware of terrain obstacles and even though their shift was almost over, Agents Starch and Curtis forged ahead, scaling the side of a mountain. Agent Starch separated from Agent Curtis to cover more territory.
During the next hour, Agent Curtis tried numerous times to contact Agent Starch by radio but was unsuccessful. He contacted Supervisory Border Patrol Agents and a ground and air search for Agent Starch was started. Agent Curtis discovered Agent Starch at the base of a cliff. He had sustained severe injuries and was not breathing. Agent Curtis and others administered CPR. A medical helicopter from Mercy Air arrived at the scene, along with a U.S. Coast Guard rescue helicopter. Because of the remoteness and the rough terrain, a higher medical authority could not arrive before dark. After nearly an hour of CPR, the attending Emergency Medical Technician consulted with the flight doctor from Mercy Air by radio and pronounced Agent Starch dead at the scene due to the severity of his injuries. The next day, investigators determined that Agent Starch had accidentally fallen about 150 feet to this death. Agent Starch was a graduate of Texas Tech University and the Border Patrol Academy, Class 295. At the time of his death, he was assigned to the San Diego Sector, El Cajon Station, sign cutting unit.
Gravesite
2020
Johan S. Mordan
Date of Birth: May 26, 1994
Entered on Duty: July 8, 2019
Title: Border Patrol Agent
End of Watch: June 12, 2020
Details:
On the night of June 11, 2020, Border Patrol Agent Mordan was patrolling on foot in a remote area in the boot heel of New Mexico in the El Paso Sector. Agent Mordan’s partner lost radio contact with him. The Agent located him a short time later and found him unresponsive and without a pulse.
His fellow agents worked to save his life for well over an hour before EMS arrived. Agent Mordan was sadly pronounced dead at the scene. There was no evidence to indicate foul play and his death appears to be the result of heat related illness.
Agent Mordan entered on duty on July 8, 2019 as part of the 1127th Session of the Border Patrol Academy. He is survived by his parents and sister.
Cremated
June 4 - June 10
Intro
Welcome to another This Week in USBP History!
Today's intro is about the CBP polygraph.
The Impact of the Polygraph Test on U.S. Border Patrol Staffing
The Challenge The United States Border Patrol (USBP), a crucial branch of the U.S. Customs and Border Protection (CBP), is in the midst of a serious crisis. Over the past decade, CBP has consistently ranked in the lower decile of the Federal Employee Viewpoint Surveys. In the most recent evaluation, it found itself at a troubling 419th position out of a total of 432 subcomponent agencies. |
A statistic that starkly highlights the severity of the issue is that a mere 2% of applicants successfully navigate the recruitment process to become a Border Patrol Agent. 98% of applicants fail to become Border Patrol Agents! This startling figure is a testament to the systemic challenges that are preventing our efforts to bolster the USBP's ranks.
A Significant Roadblock: The Polygraph Test CBP's current polygraph testing protocol, administered by the Office of Professional Responsibility (OPR), plays a significant role in this troubling trend. See the CBP Polygraph website here. |
While the polygraph test is mandated by the Anti-Border Corruption Act of 2010 (codified in 6 U.S. Code § 221), the high rate of failure or withdrawal raises questions, not necessarily about the validity of the polygraph itself, but rather about the administration of the test by the OPR.
Psychologists generally agree that polygraph tests, while not foolproof in detecting deceit, can serve as stress detectors, given that they measure various physiological reactions incited by a wide range of emotions.
If administered appropriately, the polygraph test could be a useful tool in the recruitment process. However, the current administration methodology employed by the OPR appears to be creating a significant barrier for otherwise eligible and enthusiastic candidates. This issue further complicates the already challenging task of alleviating the staffing shortage at USBP.
Taking A Closer Look
Even more troubling is the realization that the polygraph examination does not stand in isolation. It is but one component in a series of rigorous steps that each applicant must successfully navigate. Each of these stages presents its own unique set of challenges and discontinuation rates.
Undeniably, the polygraph stage has the highest discontinuation and failure rate. However, it's crucial to understand that the cumulative effect of these multiple stages creates an extremely narrowed funnel. This system, in its entirety, filters out a staggering majority of the candidates. As mentioned before, 98% of individuals who initiate the process to become a Border Patrol agent fall short of completing it! This is not just a statistic, but a daunting reality that underscores the urgent need for reform.
The Need for Change
In light of these considerations, it is apparent that a reform of the current hiring process is required. It's crucial to devise a method that remains within the confines of the Anti-Border Corruption Act of 2010 but does not needlessly impede the hiring of competent candidates.
Possible modifications could include a comprehensive review and update of the polygraph procedures, further training for examiners to increase consistency in administering the tests, and enhanced oversight to ensure the integrity of the process.
Moreover, the implementation of more reliable and accurate lie detection technologies, such as those based on functional brain imaging, may be worth exploring.
Call to Action
The issue at hand is not just about staffing numbers; it's about the security of our borders and, ultimately, the security of our nation. It is imperative that we strike a balance between due diligence in hiring and the operational needs of the USBP.
For current and former Border Patrol agents, this issue affects us all. Share this blog, discuss these concerns, and let's advocate for a more effective, equitable, and efficient hiring process. The future of the U.S. Border Patrol depends on it!
We remember two of the Patrol's heroes on the anniversary of their Newton-Azrak Award actions.
During this week, we solemnly remember Douglas C. Shute and James M. Carter, who tragically lost their lives in the same incident in 1956. It is with a heavy heart that we acknowledge the nine separate occasions on which the USBP has experienced the devastating loss of two Agents/Inspectors in a single event, totaling 18 fallen. We honor their memory and sacrifice, with their names listed below:
- Donald Kee and William F. Buckelew in 1954
- Douglas C. Shute and James M. Carter in 1956
- Theodore L. Newton, Jr. and George F. Azrak in 1967
- Friedrich Karl and John S. Blue in 1973
- Susan L. Rodriguez and Ricardo G. Salinas in 1998
- Jesus de la Ossa and Thomas J. Williams in 1998
- Travis W. Attaway and Jeremy M. Wilson in 2004
- Ramon Nevarez, Jr. and David J. Tourscher in 2007
- Hector R. Clark and Eduardo Rojas, Jr. in 2011
Enjoy and have a great week!
Cliff
P.S. - As an open and continuous invitation to current and former USBP employees, I am always accepting photos to post in the USBP Photo Galleries and in the Upholding Honor First pages. I sure would appreciate you visiting those pages and sending me anything that you think I could post (just send them to [email protected]). As always, make sure to explore all of the hyperlinks to the documents and pages. Finally, please forward this blog to whomever you think may enjoy it.
ESPRIT DE CORPS
- Organizational pride is the positive feeling experienced by employees from being part of a meaningful team that is rich in history, tradition and culture.
- Employee morale is the feeling experienced by employee based in part on their perception of:
- Being valued by the organization,
- Fairly compensated, and
- Performing meaningful work.
Esprit de corps is reinforced through the shared goals, mission and values of the organization and its employees.
The definition turns Esprit de Corps into a simple formula and defines parts that comprise organizational pride and employee morale.
Esprit de Corps = Organizational Pride + Employee Morale
Esprit de Corps is the key to a healthy organization and engaged employees.
Honor First is foundational to the Border Patrol's organizational pride and integral to its Esprit de Corps.
THROWBACK PHOTO OF THE WEEK
- From - HONOR FIRST: The Story of the United States Border Patrol - Volume II by Joseph Banco
DOCUMENTS AND EVENTS
- On June 7, 1918, future Chief and Father of the Border Patrol Frank Berkshire (1870-1934) submitted his first detailed proposal to create Border Patrol. It is in this document that the "Border Patrol" was presented as a proper noun, with capital letters. Berkshire's proposal included numerous patrol inspector ranks, guards, cooks, clerks and stablemen. The plan also included equipment such as automobiles, trucks, motorcycles, wagons, and horses. The plan specified the locations and numbers for all personnel and equipment. The total came to 1,950 employees at a cost of $4 million, including equipment.
1922
- On June 6, 1922, Henry Carpenter Smither Sr. (1873-1930) announced a meeting to discuss whole of government border patrol activities.
- Brigadier General Smither (as a Colonel) was assigned as the federal government's Chief Coordinator with the function of identifying and correcting duplications of effort. With multiple federal agencies performing law enforcement work along the borders, his office took notice.
- Smither would play a role in bills in the late 1920's designed to consolidate federal enforcement actions under a single border patrol within the Department of Labor. See this 1927 article.
- On June 9, 1922, Frank Berkshire wrote a memo to the Commissioner-General concerning a checkpoint that was in use in Oceanside, California. The checkpoint was staffed with one Immigrant Inspector and three Mounted Guards and is the earliest reference to a checkpoint being used for immigration purposes of which I am aware. Therefore, checkpoints for immigration purposes predate the U.S. Border Patrol.
1924
- On June 5, 1924, a letter of recommendation was written to the Commissioner-General on behalf of future Chief of the Border Patrol Willard Kelly (1903-1969). The letter erroneously states that Kelly was 21 years old. Kelly wouldn't turn 21 until June 21, 1924, the same day he was sworn into office.
1926
- On June 10, 1926, the Commissioner-General sent a memo to the Buffalo District Director. The memo informed the District Director the the Commissioner-General had approved and ordered implemented a series of recommendations made by newly promoted Chief of the Border Patrol Ruel Davenport (1878-1961).
- Ruel Davenport had been one of the first two "Chiefs of the Border Patrol" when General Order 61 was signed in March 1926. He was the northern border Chief. The southern border Chief, George Harris (1876-1941).
1927
- On June 6, 1927, Chief of the Border Patrol Ruel Davenport (1878-1961) wrote a memo to the Commissioner-General proposing what would become the USBP's first rank insignia.
- Please see the U.S. Border Patrol’s Early Rank and Time-in-Service Insignia page for more information.
- On June 9, 1927, near El Paso, Texas, two Border Patrol Inspectors were involved in a gunfight with alcohol smugglers. This report, states that approximately 30 rounds were exchanged with one smuggler believed to have been wounded. The author of the report, Senior Patrol Inspector Douglas D. Pyeatt (1902-1944), describes the area of the gunfight as being near the location where Patrol Inspector Thad Pippen (1889-1927) had been killed and Senior Patrol Inspector Egbert Crossett (1888-1967) wounded.
1929
- On June 7, 1929, El Paso District Director Grover Wilmoth (1884-1951) wrote a memo to the Chief Patrol Inspectors of the Tucson, El Paso and Marfa Sub-districts concerning the stopping of vehicles. The memo severely curtails the use of "Stop" signs in a manner of use that would be considered a tactical or temporary checkpoint in modern times. Further, the memo demonstrates that Wilmoth is very concerned about the practice and cautions Inspectors that "Travelers my use force to resist illegal restraint and search..."
1933
- On June 10, 1933, President Roosevelt issued Executive Order 6166, consolidating the Bureaus of Immigration and Naturalization into the Immigration and Naturalization Service (INS). With the consolidation, immediate actions were taken to significantly reduce the INS work force. The impact on the Border Patrol was felt quickly.
- From - HONOR FIRST: The Story of the United States Border Patrol - Volume I by Joseph Banco
1935
- On June 5, 1935, the Central Office disseminated the results of a shooting challenge that was issued by the Tampa Sub-district.
- On April 11, 1935, in what would prove to lead to the birth of the USBP Pistol Team, the Tampa Sub-district issued a nationwide shooting challenge to all USBP sub-districts, “We will shoot any course of fire at any distance.” See “How did the USBP Pistol Team begin” in the HonorFirst History page for the full story and to find out how Tampa placed after issuing the challenge.
- On June 10, 1935, the Deputy Commissioner issued a memo requesting that each district have their employees shoot competition courses of fire and forward the results to the Central Office. The Central Office used the results to identify Patrol Inspectors that would be selected to compete at Camp Perry, Ohio, marking the birth of the Border Patrol's Pistol Team. See this page for more information.
1950
- On June 5, 1950, former Chief of the Border Patrol Willard Kelly (1903-1969) wrote a letter recommending a path to construct a new Border Patrol Training School utilizing prison labor.
- For decades, the UNICOR Federal Prison Industries has been used to convert vehicles into USBP emergency vehicles.
1954
- The first phase of Operation Wetback also included the initiation of highly visible checkpoint and transportation check operations at locations away from the border. These efforts began on June 9, 1954, and focused on bus and train hubs, and roads leaving the border and leading to the interior.
- From - HONOR FIRST: The Story of the United States Border Patrol - Volume II by Joseph Banco
2021
- On June 6, 2021, off duty Border Patrol Agent Shon McNeal, while en route to his station, observed a single vehicle accident on Interstate 10 near Buckeye, Arizona. BPA McNeal immediately stopped to render aid to the sole occupant of the vehicle. The driver had sustained a head injury and a severed arm. BPA McNeal immediately applied a tourniquet to the subject's left upper arm. BPA McNeal remained on scene and continued to evaluate the subject's condition until EMS arrived. BPA McNeal went above and beyond the call of duty. His life saving technique of applying a tourniquet ultimately prevented the driver from succumbing to her injuries. BPA McNeal's actions brought great credit upon himself and the United States Border Patrol.
- The narrative on Agent McNeal's commendation certificate doesn't capture the full intensity of the incident due to space constraints. In a scene of chaos and danger, McNeal risked crossing two highway lanes amidst the looming threat of trucks. Upon reaching the accident site, he found himself the primary responder to a victim with a tragically amputated arm. Despite initial attempts failing to stop the bleeding, McNeal effectively applied a tourniquet from his personal first-aid kit, saving her life. Currently, McNeal continues to support the survivor, now adapting to life as an amputee. His actions exemplify the "Honor First" ethos, setting a high standard for all.
NEWTON-AZRAK AWARD
ACTION ANNIVERSARIES
- An organization’s values are codified in its awards system. Recognizing the achievements, service and heroism of employees is important. It is critical for those in positions of leadership to value the workforce. Awards are a fundamental manner for leaders to demonstrate appreciation to the workforce for upholding the organizational values. – U.S. Border Patrol Honorary Awards
James P. Moody
Border Patrol Agent
McAllen Sector
Border Patrol Agent James P. Moody was recognized for his courage while under gunfire in placing a gravely wounded fellow officer in a car and driving through that same fire to get to the hospital.
On June 9, 1975 at approximately 0030 hours, Senior Patrol Agent Allen H. Fry and Patrol Agent James P. Moody were performing assigned line-watch duties east of Brownsville, Texas. Observing a suspicious car in a known smuggling area with several people visible in the car, they attempted to stop the vehicle, which immediately took evasive action.
The vehicle was pursued about two miles and SPA Fry driving the government unit was able to force it to stop. Several people immediately attempted to flee and were pursued by PA Moody.
At that time, PA Moody heard a shot and a cry from Fry that he had been hit. Moody immediately returned to the vehicle. Moody observed that Fry had managed to get to the driver's seat and was attempting to radio for assistance.
Moody observing that Fry was gravely injured and bleeding profusely, started around the car to assist Fry when he came under fire from a concealed position to his right.
Eight to ten shots were fired at Moody as he moved around the car, and he returned fire with three rounds from his service revolver. Ignoring his personal safety, he ran under fire to the left side of the Service vehicle and seeing that Fry was in grave danger of bleeding to death, placed him on the rear seat to transport him to the hospital.
Moody, knowing that the shortest route to the hospital was back through the area under fire, drive the car forward about 100 yards, turned around and passed back through the area of the assault, again exposing himself to extreme danger from the assailant and proceeded at a high rate of speed for the hospital. Moody alerted nearby units of the assault and the grave injury, had the hospital alerted of the emergency, which resulted in a doctor and staff being on stand-by awaiting his arrival. There is little doubt that this immediate action saved SPA Fry's life.
1992
Michael W. Snyder
Border Patrol Pilot
Del Rio Sector
On June 9, 1992, Border Patrol Pilot Michael W. Snyder assisted the Uvalde County Sheriff’s Department in saving the life of one swimmer and obtaining much needed medical attention for several others. The Frio River was at flood stage due to recent heavy rains and swimmers were reported stranded. Pilot Snyder flew the Service helicopter directly over the stranded couple and Captain Watkins dropped a rope to the man, who was near exhaustion yet trying to keep his female companion above water and hold on to an inner-tube. After several attempts to get the rope to the man, it became apparent it was not going to work. Pilot Snyder maneuvered the helicopter among tall cypress tress and power lines to obtain visual contact with the peopled in the water, dipped the skid under the man, and nudged the couple towards the banks to several other swimmers who jumped in and pulled them out of the water. Unfortunately, the female did not make it; however, the man was saved and several others were taken by Pilot Snyder to an ambulance to receive medical attention.
U.S. BORDER PATROL FALLEN
ANNIVERSARIES
- 3 Mounted Watchmen who served before 1924.
- 49 Border Patrol Inspectors who fell between 1924 and 1970.
- 101 courageous Border Patrol Agents who have given their lives since 1970.
- 1 dedicated Enforcement Analysis Specialist.
The names listed below are respected and remembered for their ultimate sacrifice in fulfilling the oath to protect and defend the United States of America.
In preserving the historical context, the descriptions about each officer's circumstances are presented with minimal editing to maintain the original "language of the day".
Complying with the Privacy Act of 1974, any causes of death related to lethal illnesses contracted in the line of duty will not be disclosed.
It's noteworthy that Border Patrol Agent John Charles Gigax's name is inscribed on the National Law Enforcement Officer's Memorial, yet his sacrifice is not officially recognized by the Customs and Border Protection or the U.S. Border Patrol.
However, HonorFirst.com proudly acknowledges and includes Agent Gigax among our memorialized heroes.
Douglas C. Shute
Date of Birth: December 31, 1918
Entered on Duty: September 5, 1950
Title: Airplane Pilot
End of Watch: June 6, 1956
Details:
During the morning hours of June 6, 1956, Airplane Pilot Douglas C. Shute was patrolling in a Piper Supercub. He was working with a ground unit engaged in “sign-cutting,” a term applied to locating and following footprints or other physical evidence left by a person in traversing an area. Pilot Shute landed the plane on a roadway and conferred with Patrol Inspectors James M. Carter, Emmit R. Brotherton, and Carter M. Newsome. The ground crew had located the tracks of two persons, which could more readily be checked out by officers in the aircraft. Patrol Inspector James M. Carter decided to serve as observer in the aircraft while the other officers continued to follow the tracks on the ground. Pilot Shute informed the officers by radio that the walkers had been located and instructed to come out of the brush to be picked up by the ground crew.
Shortly thereafter, the plane went into a steep climb and stalled. It began a left spin from which there was no recovery. It struck the ground in vertical descent. The engine was driven back into the cockpit, the force of the impact telescoping the cabin, imprisoning the pilot and observer. Both were killed on impact.
Gravesite
James M. Carter
Date of Birth: February 26, 1921
Entered on Duty: April 25, 1955
Title: Patrol Inspector
End of Watch: June 6, 1956
Details:
Patrol Inspectors James M. Carter and Carter M. Newsome were temporarily detailed from Marfa, Texas, to Comstock, Texas, on June 4, 1956, for a two-week horse patrol operation to work in the vicinity of Comstock. On June 6th these officers, accompanied by Patrol Inspector Emmit R. Brotherton, were about 35 miles north northwest of Comstock engaged in “sign-cutting,” a term applied to locating and following footprints or other physical evidence left by a person traversing an area. The officers had located two sets of footprints and were tracking them when Service aircraft N4375A, piloted by Airplane Pilot Douglas G. Shute, arrived. Thereafter, the aircraft was used in the search operation with Patrol Inspector Carter serving as observer in the plane.
At about 10:00 a.m., the pilot reported by radio that the walkers had been located and directed the ground crew on a course to intercept them. The plane was then seen making a banking turn to the left and resuming level flight at 100 feet altitude. Shortly thereafter, the plane went into a steep climb and at 450 feet, it stalled, falling into a left spin from which there was no recovery. There had been no change in engine power during the maneuver, in the spin, or at impact. The plane struck the ground in vertical descent, the engine being driven back into the cockpit. The force of the impact telescoped the cabin, imprisoning the pilot and observer.
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