August 11 - August 17Welcome to another This Week in USBP History! This week we delve into moments that reflect the bravery, dedication, and evolving legacy of the agency. On August 11, 1933, a team of Border Patrol Inspectors showcased their marksmanship in a Florida police pistol competition, a testament to their skills and the agency’s commitment to excellence. The same day, in 2016, Border Patrol Agent Manuel A. Alvarez tragically lost his life in a vehicle accident near Casa Grande, Arizona, reminding us of the inherent risks in the line of duty. This week also highlights the Newton-Azrak Award actions that exemplify extraordinary courage. Agents Ricardo J. Hernandez and Felix Morales braved dangerous waters to save a father and his children from a submerged SUV on August 15, 2006. Similarly, on August 15, 2023, Border Patrol Agents Jamie Guzman, Rodney Harvey, and Matthew Meyers faced a perilous situation involving Africanized bees while on duty in the Rio Grande River. Their quick thinking and selfless actions saved lives and exemplified the highest standards of service. We honor the memory of Agents Manuel A. Alvarez and Lawrence B. Pierce, both of whom paid the ultimate price while serving our nation. Join us in reflecting on these events and more as we continue to honor the past and present of the U.S. Border Patrol. There’s much more to explore in this week’s blog, where history and heroism are intricately woven together. Enjoy and have a great week! Cliff P.S. - As an open and continuous invitation to current and former USBP employees, I am always accepting photos to post in the USBP Photo Galleries and in the Upholding Honor First pages. I sure would appreciate you visiting those pages and sending me anything that you think I could post (just send them to [email protected]). As always, make sure to explore all of the hyperlinks to the documents and pages. Finally, please forward this blog to whomever you think may enjoy it. THIS WEEK'S USBP ANNIVERSARIES AND MILESTONESAugust 11
On August 11, 1933, Tampa Sub-district Chief Patrol Inspector Chester C. Courtney (1890-1969) wrote a memo to the Jacksonville District Director. The memo reported the performance of a Border Patrol pistol team that had just competed in the second annual pistol match of the Florida Police Pistol League. Competing for the Border Patrol was:
Line of Duty Death anniversary Manuel A. Alvarez Date of Birth October 12, 1978 Entered on Duty: July 13, 2003 Title: Border Patrol Agent End of Watch: August 11, 2016 Details: On August 11, 2016, Border Patrol Agent Manuel A. Alvarez was killed in the line of duty near Casa Grande, Arizona. Agent Alvarez was involved in a vehicle accident and died at the scene. He was 37 years old and assigned to the Casa Grande Station. Agent Alvarez entered on duty July 13, 2003, as a member of U.S. Border Patrol Academy Class 557. He is survived by his wife, four children, parents and two sisters. Gravesite August 12 FLETC Charleston - In January 1996, the initial satellite Border Patrol Academy staff arrived in Charleston and renovation began. “This could easily have been a two-and-a-half-year project, but we got it down in a matter of months” said Deputy Chief Patrol Agent and Facility Director Ron Myers. After building new firing ranges and driving courses, and renovating a half million square feet of building space that houses the barracks, mess hall, and classrooms, the satellite Border Patrol Academy was operational and began training for Session 315 on August 12, 1996.
August 13 On August 13, 1919, Acting Supervisory Inspector George Harris (1876-1941) wrote a memo to the Commissioner-General asking for clarification concerning authorizing the entry of aliens into the United States.
On August 13, 1934, a memo was issued authorizing Patrol Inspectors assigned to the Mexican border to wear rough duty uniforms. The memo describes the uniforms and placement of badges, and ornaments. On August 13, 1945, the Commissioner of the INS sent a memo to the field requesting information concerning the eight-pointed cap being worn by Patrol Inspectors. The Central Office had received information that Patrol Inspectors were dissatisfied with the cap. On August 13, 1954, Los Angeles District Director Herman R. Landon (1899-1985) wrote a memo to the Commissioner of the INS providing three recommendations to hold the gains achieved with Operation Wetback. Each recommendation includes various levels of manpower, equipment, and fencing. August 14 Today marks a quiet day in USBP history. August 15 On August 15, 1918, future Chief and Father of the Border Patrol Frank Berkshire (1870-1934) wrote a 2-page memo concerning the reported presence of German propaganda along the Mexican border. In response, Berkshire detailed "...Inspector Harry B. Hannah (1886-1967) to visit Yuma and vicinity, and to conduct a confidential investigation." Berkshire concluded by stating that the situation "...tends to demonstrate the necessity for a proper border patrol" and suggested that Inspector Hannah’s reports be sent to the Intelligence Division of the Army.
Newton-Azrak Award action anniversary Ricardo J. Hernandez Border Patrol Agent El Paso Sector Felix Morales III Border Patrol Agent El Paso Sector Border Patrol Agent Ricardo J. Hernandez and Border Patrol Agent Felix Morales were recognized for demonstrating extraordinary courage and valor during the performance of duty on August 15, 2006. Without regard for their own personal safety, Agents Ricardo J. Hernandez and Felix Morales’ quick response to save a father and his minor children from drowning. While assigned to the Checkpoint located on New Mexico Highway 195, the agents were approached by a frantic woman who informed them that water had trapped her husband and two children in their submerged SUV. Agents Hernandez and Morales jumped into the turbulent water and made their way to the vehicle. Agent Morales was swept down the river while holding one of the children. He eventually managed to cling to some brush and hand the child to another person at the scene. Agent Hernandez was able to rescue the other child and father. The father sustained a leg injury after being struck by the rolling SUV, and the children were treated for exposure and shock. Newton-Azrak Award action anniversary Jamie H. Guzman - group photo, award certificate, medal set Border Patrol Agent Rio Grande Valley Sector Rodney S. Harvey Border Patrol Agent Rio Grande Valley Sector Matthew S. Meyers - award certificate, statuette Border Patrol Agent Rio Grande Valley Sector On August 15, 2023, members of the Harlingen Station Riverine Unit were attacked by a colony of Africanized bees while conducting riverine duties in the Rio Grande River. Vessel Commander (VC) Orlando Montalvo and Border Patrol Agent (BPA) Jamie Guzman were stung multiple times, resulting in VC Montalvo being rendered unconscious. Heavy hydrilla in the river incapacitated the vessel, setting it adrift. Despite the ongoing bee attacks, BPA Guzman radioed fellow agents, attempted to maneuver the vessel, and administered first aid to VC Montalvo for over 20 minutes, placing her life in grave danger. Responding to BPA Guzman’s call, BPAs Meyers and Harvey created a path to the riverbank and entered the river at great personal risk to swim toward the disabled vessel. They managed to pull it ashore while continuing to endure bee stings. Once ashore, BPAs Meyers and Harvey assessed VC Montalvo’s condition and assisted in extracting him for transport to a nearby hospital. The bravery and dedication demonstrated by Agent Guzman, Agent Meyers, and Agent Harvey brought great credit upon themselves and the United States Border Patrol. August 16 On August 16, 1954, Chief of the Border Patrol Harlon B. Carter wrote a memo as summarize by Joe Banco:
Line of Duty Death anniversary Ricardo Zarate Entered on Duty: February 12, 2009 Title: Border Patrol Agent End of Watch: August 16, 2021 Details: Agent Zarate began his service on February 12, 2009, as a member of the 854th Session of the Border Patrol Academy. He later graduated with the 922nd Session of the Academy. At the time of his passing, he was assigned to the McAllen Station in the Rio Grande Valley Sector in Texas. The circumstances of his passing were reviewed by an executive panel and the CBP Commissioner who determined that this death occurred in the line of duty. He is survived by his wife: Crystal; children: Payton and Ezekiel; parents : Benito and Diana; and brothers: Benito Jr., Isaac, and Rodolfo. Gravesite August 17 Another significant directive that Commissioner Swing introduced to the U.S. Border Patrol was a Procedure for Border Patrol Participation in Funeral Services, formally issued on August 17,1954. This milestone document to properly honor our deceased, including Fallen, was prepared by Chief A.S. Hudson of the Central Office. With the directive, procedures to be followed during funerals for members of the U.S. Border Patrol were memorialized for the first time. These included the first formal references to an Honor Guard or Guard of Honor, and a Border Patrol Chaplain.
Newton-Azrak Award action anniversary Paul Conover Border Patrol Agent Marfa Sector Stanley U. Spencer Senior Patrol Agent Marfa Sector Border Patrol Agent Paul Conover and Senior Patrol Agent Stanley U. Spencer were recognized for their exceptional devotion to duty in the face of grave danger, while pursuing a murder suspect attempting entry from Mexico. On August 17, 1982, Senior Patrol Agent Conover and Senior Patrol Agent Stanley Spencer spotted two individuals crossing the river by boat, and attempted to approach the subjects upon land. Shots were fired by one of the subjects, wounding Agent Conover. Spencer returned the fire and then administered first aid to his partner. Even though Conover was critically injured he continued to return fire wounding the assailant. Conover was hospitalized for eight weeks while recovering from wounds received in the incident. Honor First note - Agent Conover was the USBP's first recipient of the Purple Cross. See the Purple Cross page for his citation which provides greater details. Line of Duty Death anniversary Lawrence B. Pierce Date of Birth September 2, 1946 Entered on Duty: June 23, 1980 Title: Supervisory Border Patrol Agent End of Watch: August 17, 1995 Details: On August 17, 1995, while off-duty in Chula Vista, California, Supervisory Border Patrol Agent Lawrence B. Pierce witnessed an altercation where an innocent man was stabbed to death. Agent Pierce chased down the killer, identified himself as a law enforcement officer, and while attempting to disarm the killer he suffered wounds that resulted in his tragic death. The killer was apprehended, convicted of murder, and was sentenced to 39 years to life in prison. Agent Pierce entered on duty with the U.S. Border Patrol on June 23, 1980, as a member of the 137th session of the Border Patrol Academy, and was assigned to the Campo Station in the San Diego Sector. Agent Pierce was a U.S. Marine Corps veteran and had served with the United States Border Patrol for over 15 years. Gravesite On August 17, 2010, Joe Banco's work came to fruition as the phrase "Honor First" received a trademark.
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August 4 - August 10Welcome to another This Week in USBP History! This week, we delve into several pivotal moments that illustrate the resilience, dedication, and heroism of our agents. On August 4, 1920, Frank Berkshire, the future Chief and Father of the Border Patrol, wrote a significant memo that highlighted the challenges and accomplishments of the early Immigration Patrol, setting the stage for the modern Border Patrol. Fast forward to August 4, 1980, when the dedicated work of the FORBPO bore fruit with the issuance of a Certificate of Incorporation, marking the official tax-exempt status of the U.S. Border Patrol Museum. Heroic acts are also remembered this week, such as Border Patrol Agent Jose M. Martinez’s extraordinary bravery on August 4, 2010. Martinez saved a critically wounded woman during a dangerous domestic disturbance, showcasing the selflessness and courage that define our agents. On August 5, 2012, Agent Travis Creteau demonstrated similar valor by rescuing two children from a submerged vehicle, risking his life in zero-visibility waters to save others. Other Newton-Azrak Award recipients honored this week include James E. Lassiter Jr., Joseph P. Martin, Robert B. LaBelle, Peter R. Moran, Donald A. Peck, Armando Moralez, and Arthur G. Lopez. We also solemnly remember the sacrifices of our fallen agents. This week, we honor the memories of Agents Norman R. Salinas and Marco A. Gonzales, whose dedication to duty ultimately cost them their lives. Their commitment and bravery are a testament to the enduring spirit of the U.S. Border Patrol. Join us in reflecting on these and more historical moments in this week’s blog. Enjoy and have a great week! Cliff P.S. - As an open and continuous invitation to current and former USBP employees, I am always accepting photos to post in the USBP Photo Galleries and in the Upholding Honor First pages. I sure would appreciate you visiting those pages and sending me anything that you think I could post (just send them to [email protected]). As always, make sure to explore all of the hyperlinks to the documents and pages. Finally, please forward this blog to whomever you think may enjoy it. THIS WEEK'S USBP ANNIVERSARIES AND MILESTONESAugust 4
On August 4, 1920, future Chief and Father of the Border Patrol Frank Berkshire (1870-1934) wrote a strongly worded memo to the Commissioner-General. The memo recommended that the Inspector in Charge in Laredo not attend a meeting scheduled in Galveston, Texas. The memo contained several items of interest:
On August 4, 1942, the U.S. reached an agreement with the Mexican government for the importation of Mexican agricultural workers. The bilateral agreement was officially known as the Mexican Farm Labor Program and would evolve to be the Bracero Program.
The dedicated work of the FORBPO to preserve the history of the U.S. Border Patrol began to bear fruit and on August 4, 1980, when the Texas Secretary of State issued a Certificate of Incorporation Number 527890-1. This certificate identified the Museum as a tax-exempt entity under Section 501 C of the Internal Revenue Code.
Line of Duty Death anniversary Norman R. Salinas Date of Birth: February 18, 1960 Entered on Duty: December 9, 1984 Title: Border Patrol Agent End of Watch: August 4, 1986 Details: Border Patrol Agent Norman Ray Salinas died on Monday, August 4, 1986, at approximately 1:20 a.m., when the government van he was driving went out of control on Interstate 35, south of Cotulla, Texas. Agent Salinas was transporting Carlos Martinez Alvarenga, an illegal alien from El Salvador, to the Lasalle County Jail in Cotulla from Laredo. Lasalle County Sheriff Darwin Avant stated that Agent Salinas apparently failed to negotiate a curve. The van left the road running onto a median, rolling over several times before finally bursting into flames. Both Agent Salinas and Martinez Alvarenga were thrown from the van. They were dead before the first officers arrived on the scene. Gravesite Newton-Azrak Award action anniversary Jose M. Martinez Border Patrol Agent Buffalo Sector On August 4, 2010, Border Patrol Agent Jose M. Martinez was on patrol near Sackets Harbor, New York, in the Wellesley Island Border Patrol Station’s area of responsibility within Buffalo Sector. At about 0200 hours, Agent Martinez heard an urgent request for assistance from the Jefferson County Sheriff’s Department regarding a domestic disturbance with shots fired in Sackets Harbor. Law enforcement presence in this rural area is minimal at best, with no local police, and few deputies or State Police troopers on duty or nearby in such early morning hours. Area law enforcement agencies depend upon each other for assistance when needed, and this morning was no exception. Agent Martinez was one of the first back-up officers to arrive. Prior to Agent Martinez’ arrival, a male subject had shot his wife multiple times with an assault rifle, leaving her lying critically wounded in the common hallway vestibule of an apartment building. Two Jefferson County Deputies, the only officers then at the scene, had just attempted to rescue the woman, but were forced to retreat when the male subject threatened them at gunpoint from the doorway of his apartment, near where the woman was lying. Understanding this, and in the face of the still threatening active shooter, Agent Martinez demonstrated outstanding courage and volunteered without hesitation to attempt a rescue of the woman. Acting quickly, decisively, and selflessly, Agent Martinez and two deputies made a tactical approach towards the building. As one deputy covered them, Agent Martinez and the other deputy entered the immediate danger area, still threatened by the assailant. They grabbed the motionless and defenseless woman, and dragged her out of the building to safety and a waiting ambulance. Agent Martinez then remained at the scene to assist the local agencies with perimeter security while negotiators attempted to talk the now barricaded assailant out of the building. The subject finally surrendered without further incident when local officers entered the residence at about 0645 hrs. Border Patrol Agent Jose Martinez’ extraordinary bravery and intrepidity in the face of recognized, real, and eminent danger saved the life of Sherry Morris, at the extreme risk of his own life. August 5 On August 5, 1931, El Paso District Director Grover W. Wilmoth (1884-1951) sent the Commissioner-General a memo concerning Border Patrol pistol teams. In the memo, Wilmoth requested the issuance of a challenge to all pistol teams in the Patrol. The Central Office did not issue El Paso District's challenge.
The official design of the USBP patch was finalized on August 5, 1942. The earliest evidence of the patch on a Border Patrol uniform is a photograph from 1944. See this picture* and this document.
August 5, 2018, “Carla Provost was appointed as the 23rd Chief of the United States Border Patrol, becoming the first woman to hold the position.”
Line of Duty Death anniversary Marco A. Gonzales Date of Birth: October 19, 1970 Entered on Duty: November 14, 2005 Title: Border Patrol Agent End of Watch: August 5, 2020 Details: Border Patrol Agent Marco A. Gonzales passed away on August 5, 2020. The circumstances of his passing were reviewed by an executive panel and the CBP Commissioner who agreed that this death occurred in the line of duty. Agent Gonzales will be remembered for his diligent service to the nation and for his bravery in the face of danger. BPA Gonzales entered on duty on November 14, 2005, as part of the 606th Session of the Border Patrol Academy. He served as an agent at the Brackettville, Texas Station throughout his career. During his tenure, Agent Gonzales also served his fellow agents as a union representative. Prior to becoming a Border Patrol agent, Agent Gonzales honorably served his country in the U.S. Marine Corps. He is survived by his wife, Maria, three children and his parents. Gravesite Newton-Azrak Award action anniversary Travis Creteau - award certificate, photo 1, photo 2, photo 3 Border Patrol Agent San Diego, California On August 5, 2012, at Otay Lakes Reservoir near San Diego, California, Border Patrol Agent Travis Creteau was alerted by frantic bystanders about an SUV submerged in the water with two children trapped inside. He requested emergency services and without regard for his personal safety, immediately dove into the murky, zero-visibility waters to locate the overturned vehicle. Performing beyond the call of duty while facing grave danger, Agent Creteau displayed extraordinary courage as he dove underwater to locate the vehicle where he managed to open a door and locate one of the girls, still strapped in her booster seat. Despite the challenging underwater conditions and doors embedded in mud, he took multiple dives to cut the restraints and bring her to the surface. Unyielding in his rescue efforts, Agent Creteau located the second child after several dives and, successfully freed her from entanglement and brought her to the surface. Exhausted, but compelled to continue assisting, Agent Creteau swam to shore and performed CPR on one of the girls until relieved by emergency medical services. Despite facing intense fatigue, hazardous conditions, and personal risk, he showcased remarkable determination and dedication to saving lives. Agent Creteau's conspicuous heroism and extraordinary courageous actions brought great credit upon himself and the United States Border Patrol. August 6 On August 6, 1913, a job announcement was issued for "Mounted Inspector (Male)".
August 7 Act of August 7, 1946 (60 Stat. 865; 8 U.S.C. 110), which amended the Act of February 27, 1925 (43 Stat. 1049-1050; 8 U.S.C. 110), continuing the basic authorities and finally codifying the following authorities:
Newton-Azrak Award action anniversary James E. Lassiter Jr. Immigration Officer Rome District Mr. James E. Lassiter, while on official duty as the Assistant Officer-In-Charge, Nairobi, Kenya, Rome District, Office of International Affairs, courageously saved the life of Foreign Service National employee of the United States Government following the attack of the U.S. Embassy on August 7, 1998. Mr. Lassiter was in an interior section of the main floor of the Embassy when the explosion occurred. Mr. Lassiter was buried under four feet of concrete bricks and ceiling material. He was in total darkness, pinned to the floor from the waist down, and forced to breathe toxic, smoke-filled air. When the smoke and dust cleared, Mr. Lassiter forcibly extricated himself from the heavy rubble and, although in shock, began climbing over bricks, glass, broken furniture, and mangled security bars towards daylight at the rear of the Embassy. When Mr. Lassiter reached the INS office and adjacent foreign commercial Service office areas, he could see that all interior walls had been blown down and broken desks and files were piled from two to eight feet deep. Still in shock, he continued to make his way toward the light when he heard a cry for help from a Foreign Service National employee of the Foreign Commercial Service. When Mr. Lassiter found the employee, he had blood streaming from his head and face and his left hand was partially severed at the wrist. Mr. Lassiter assisted him to his feet, put the Kenyan’s arm around his neck, and helped him to reach the back wall. Mr. Lassiter assisted him in climbing onto a high window ledge and then dragged and verbally directed the employee to crawl approximately 15 feet to a place where they could safely exit the building and then assisted him into an ambulance. Despite severely bruised ribs and a smashed lower leg, Mr. Lassiter remained at the scene to assist in further rescue efforts. He gave direction and information to rescue workers and security personnel regarding those individuals who were present on the main floor at the time of the blast, and the layout and condition of the interior of the main floor. The Foreign Service National Employee was evacuated to Germany for medical treatment and has since regained his eyesight and use of his left hand. Joseph P. Martin (1950-2022) Immigration Officer Rome District Mr. Joseph P. Martin, Officer-in-Charge, Nairobi, Kenya, Rome District, Office of International Affairs, is recognized for his unusual courage and bravery in his reaction to the terrorist bombing of the United States Embassy in Nairobi on August 7, 1998. Mr. Martin was in the Embassy at the time of the explosion and was able to exit the building; however, on three occasions, ignoring his own safety, he returned into the building to assist in the rescue operation of other trapped, injured, and deceased Embassy personnel. Mr. Martin assisted in the evacuation of several Embassy personnel, including the wife of his Assistant Officer-in-Charge. Additionally, concerned about the fate of another INS employee, Mr. Martin returned to the INS area of the building in an attempt to locate her. The INS office was one of the hardest hit at the Embassy; however, Mr. Martin climbed a ladder back into the Embassy in an attempt to ensure the employee’s safety. August 8 On August 8, 1950, the El Paso District entered into a lease agreement with El Paso County for land near Ascarate Park to house the Border Patrol Training School. The lease agreement was for $1.00 per year.
Newton-Azrak Award action anniversary Robert B. LaBelle Border Patrol Agent Swanton Sector Peter R. Moran Border Patrol Agent Swanton Sector Donald A. Peck Patrol Agent in Charge, Swanton Station Swanton Sector Border Patrol Agent Robert B. LaBelle was recognized for his exceptional courage in rescuing two Canadian residents whose boats had capsized in the midst of one of the most violent summer storms ever experienced in the Lake Champlain region. On August 8, 1983, despite the extremely hazardous and life threatening weather conditions, he, along with Border Patrol Agents Peter Moran and Donald Peck, made numerous attempts before successfully rescuing the victims. Newton-Azrak Award action anniversary Armando Moralez Supervisory Border Patrol Agent San Diego Sector On the morning of August 8, 1998, at approximately 8:05 a.m., a serious injury two-vehicle accident occurred at the intersection of Ballantyne and Main in the city of El Cajon. As a result of the accident, one of the vehicles which was occupied by an adult female driver and a three-year-old passenger, burst into flames. Supervisory Border Patrol Agent Armando Moralez was on duty at the time of the two-vehicle accident. As he came upon the scene, he positioned his vehicle to block the traffic flow to keep other vehicles from becoming involved in the accident scene. Upon observing the fire and that the vehicle was occupied, SBPA Moralez immediately retrieved his fire extinguisher from his Border Patrol vehicle and began attempting to extinguish the fire. During this time, SBPA Moralez and other law enforcement officers exposed themselves to the danger of the fire and possible exploding fuel. SBPA Moralez continued to fight the fire until the rescue of the two victims was complete. During this stressful emergency, SBPA Moralez exercised great courage and bravery in the pursuit of a worthwhile objective fully knowing that he was placing himself in imminent peril of loss of life or great bodily injury in the line of duty. August 8, 2002, “The Border Patrol initiated its awards/medals program, laying the foundation for the USBP Honorary Awards Program. Chief Gustavo De La Viña presented the inaugural Purple Cross Medal and Chief’s Commendation Medal in Vermont, recognizing exceptional service and meritorious achievement in line-of-duty actions and security operations.”
August 9 On August 9, 1933, as part of the reorganization that created the Immigration and Naturalization Service, all Border Patrol personnel were separated from the service and temporarily rehired the next day for a maximum of four months. This was the beginning of the Benzine Boards in the Border Patrol.
August 10 On August 10, 1929, El Paso District Director Grover W. Wilmoth (1884-1951) wrote a memo to the Commissioner-General concerning a gunfight that occurred between alcohol smugglers, and Patrol Inspectors Charles W. Hayes and Richard R. Costa. 18 gallons of alcohol were seized. The Inspectors believed that at least one smuggler was injured or killed.
On August 10, 1929, Commissioner-General Harry E. Hull (1864-1938) sent a memo to the Secretary of Labor concerning pay raises for the Patrol Inspectors in District #1 (Montreal District). The memo contains the names, titles, locations, and salaries for the affected employees. Further, it shows that the district had four sub-districts at the time, down from the five it had in 1924. Newton-Azrak Award action anniversary Arthur G. Lopez Border Patrol Agent Tucson Sector On August 10, 1995, Border Patrol Agent Arthur G. Lopez displayed unusual courage during an incident in which he was critically wounded by gunfire along the U.S./Mexico international boundary. At approximately 2:00 pm, Agent Lopez proceeded to an area along the border commonly known as Smuggler’s Gulch. He was accompanied by BPA (T) Ronal Wehr and was assigned routine linewatch and patrol duties. Agents Lopez and Wehr observed activity on the Mexican side of the international boundary fence that appeared to be Mexican police chasing individuals on foot. The Smuggler’s Gulch area is a notoriously known canyon leading into the U.S. from Mexico that empties near the residential and business areas of Nogales, Arizona. It is frequently used by organized criminal groups for the purpose of smuggling undocumented foreign nationals, narcotics, and other contraband. It is also a favorite lair for border bandits who prey on their victims (other illegal aliens) as they cross from Mexico into the U.S. As Agents Lopez and Wehr arrived at a high point on the U.S. side of the border that overlooks Smuggler’s Gulch, they observed armed, uniformed individuals chasing and shooting at other individuals. The agents saw these uniformed individuals capture two, and then push and kick one of the people they were chasing. Upon discovering that they were being observed by Agents Lopez and Wehr, at least one of the individuals, later identified as Mexican police officers, began shooting at Agents Lopez and Wehr. BPA Lopez was critically wounded while attempting to run toward the steel border fence for cover. Agent Lopez fell to the ground but was able to crawl to the fence. He continued to give clear verbal instruction to BPA (T) Ronald Wehr the entire time. After ensuring the safety of his trainee partner and himself, Agent Lopez proceeded to call for assistance via his hand-held radio. He informed other units that he had been shot and that he was continuing to receive gunfire from the Mexican police. He verbally directed the responding units to his location, advising them when it was clear to approach and the originating point of the assailant’s gunfire. His calm and composed actions during a very traumatic, critical moment most assuredly contributed to the safety of his partner, the responding units, and likely played a key part in saving his own life, as he was racing the clock against rapid loss of blood. He never lost consciousness, did not panic, and was able to clearly communicate the situation to the benefit of the responding Border Patrol units and other agency units. July 28 - August 3Welcome to another This Week in USBP History! This week in U.S. Border Patrol history, we delve into several pivotal events that underscore the bravery and dedication of our agents. On July 28, 1927, a shootout between Border Patrol Inspectors and suspected alcohol smugglers in El Paso, Texas, highlighted the dangers faced by agents in the line of duty. The detailed reports from that day shed light on the intense and hazardous situations our agents have navigated to uphold the law. Additionally, on July 28, 1961, the Border Patrol Academy was relocated to Los Fresnos, Texas, marking a significant change in the training of future agents. We also recognize the heroic actions commemorated with the Newton-Azrak Award. On July 31, 2021, Border Patrol Agent John Leslie demonstrated extraordinary bravery by rescuing a driver trapped in a burning vehicle, showcasing the selflessness and courage that define our agents. Similarly, on August 3, 1961, the quick actions of Border Patrol Inspector Leonard Gilman and FBI Special Agent Francis Crosby thwarted a hijacking attempt, leading to the creation of the Sky Marshal program. This week, we solemnly remember the four fallen agents whose sacrifices remind us of the inherent risks in protecting our nation’s borders. We honor the memories of Agents Acosta-Feliciano, Cox, Vega, and Inspector De La Peña who paid the ultimate price. Their dedication and ultimate sacrifices are deeply honored and remembered. Join us in reflecting on these events and more in this week’s blog. Enjoy and have a great week! Cliff P.S. - As an open and continuous invitation to current and former USBP employees, I am always accepting photos to post in the USBP Photo Galleries and in the Upholding Honor First pages. I sure would appreciate you visiting those pages and sending me anything that you think I could post (just send them to [email protected]). As always, make sure to explore all of the hyperlinks to the documents and pages. Finally, please forward this blog to whomever you think may enjoy it. THIS WEEK'S USBP ANNIVERSARIES AND MILESTONESJuly 28
On July 28, 1927, as per these documents, a shootout occurred between Border Patrol Inspectors and suspected alcohol smugglers in El Paso, TX. El Paso District Director Grover W. Wilmoth (1884-1951) sent the package of documents to the Commissioner-General which included:
On July 28, 1961, the Border Patrol Academy was relocated to Los Fresnos, Texas, beginning with the 61 trainees of Class 78.
July 29 On July 29, 1940, Detroit District Director John L. Zurbrick (1873-1942) sent a memo to the Commissioner of the Immigration and Naturalization Service requesting authorization for Patrol Inspectors to wear a "fatigue uniform" when performing "freight car inspections, boat details, and at the pistol ranges during practice." A photograph of the uniform is included with the memo. July 30 On July 30, 1927, documents show that Patrol Inspectors, "...proceeded to "Barnett's Ranch" about three miles northeast of Naco, Arizona, evidently seeking further information concerning the alleged operation of a still in that vicinity; that some unknown person opened fire on them; that they returned the same; and that apparently no casualties resulted." The following Patrol Inspectors were involved in the shooting:
On July 30, 1934, Tampa Sub-district Chief Patrol Inspector Chester C. Courtney (1890-1969) wrote a memo to the Jacksonville District Director reporting the status of the Third Annual Florida Pistol and Revolver Matches held in Tampa, Florida. Chief Courtney and the following Inspectors competed:
July 31 On July 31, 1789, the 1st Congress passed an Act to Regulate the Collection of Duties imposed by law on the tonnage of ships or vessels, and on goods, wares and merchandise imported into the United States. The Act was signed by President Washington and established the U.S. Customs Service. In 2003, the U.S. Customs Service would be renamed U.S. Customs and Border Protection (see page 186 of this document). On July 31, 1956, Frank H. Partridge (1893-1994) authorized the routine transfer of Assistant Chief Patrol Inspector Richard E. Batchelor (1919-2015) from Tucson Sector (GS-9) to Miami Sector (GS-11) to be assigned as the Intelligence Officer. The memo informed George F. Klemcke (1915-1967). Points of interest in the memo are:
On April 8, 1975, six trailblazing women began their training at the U.S. Border Patrol Academy Session 107 in Los Fresnos, Texas. On July 31, 1975, the following four made history by successfully completing their training and becoming Border Patrol Agents (See this document):
Line of Duty Death anniversary Edgardo Acosta-Feliciano Entered on Duty: July 3, 2006 Title: Border Patrol Agent End of Watch: July 31, 2021 Details: Agent Acosta-Feliciano died on July 31, 2021. The circumstances of his passing were reviewed by an executive panel and the CBP Commissioner who determined that this death occurred in the line of duty. Agent Acosta-Feliciano entered on duty on July 31, 2021 as part of the 626th Session of the Border Patrol Academy. At the time of his death he was assigned to the Deming Station in the El Paso Sector. Prior to becoming a Border Patrol Agent, Agent Acosta-Feliciano served in the U.S. Army Reserve Civil Affairs and completed a tour of duty in Afghanistan in 2004. He is survived by his wife, Astrid; daughter, Veronica; sons, Adrian and Adner; father, Eduardo; sisters, Gloribel and Maribel; and brothers, Eduardo, Ricardo, and Reynaldo. Gravesite Line of Duty Death anniversary Daniel P. Cox Entered on Duty: July 28, 1997 Title: Supervisory Border Patrol Agent End of Watch: July 31, 2021 Details: Supervisory Border Patrol Agent Cox and another driver were killed on July 31, 2021 in a head-on crash on State Route 86 near Sells, Arizona. Agent Cox and the other driver were pronounced dead about 12:20 a.m. Agent Cox entered on duty on July 28, 1997 at the Eagle Pass Station in Del Rio Sector as part of the 346th Session of the Border Patrol Academy. At the time of his death, he was assigned to the BORSTAR unit in Tucson Sector as a Canine Handler and Canine Instructor. Prior to becoming a Border Patrol Agent, Agent Cox served in the U.S. Army, receiving an Honorable Discharge in 1998. He is survived by his daughters, Alexandria and Elizabeth: sister, Sonia: brother Gilbert: father Stacey: and half-brother, Lucas. Cremated Newton-Azrak Award action anniversary John N. Leslie - photo, photo 2, statuette Border Patrol Agent Detroit Station Detroit, MI On July 31, 2021, Border Patrol Agent (BPA) John Leslie and his wife were headed home from a family function when they noticed a burning vehicle that had been involved in an accident. The crash caused massive damage and a fire in the vehicle. BPA Leslie stopped to render aid. BPA Leslie approached the scene and spoke with two bystanders who stated that the driver was trapped inside the burning vehicle. Without hesitation, BPA Leslie climbed into the burning vehicle through the dislodged passenger door to assess the situation. The driver was bleeding from severe head and facial trauma and was unconscious. He was pinned between the crushed steering wheel, the engine block, and his seat. His seatbelt was fastened. The vehicle was engulfed in flames and smoke. Due to limited access, BPA Leslie climbed into the backseat to attempt to extract the driver. Discovering he lacked the necessary leverage; BPA Leslie determined the best course of action was to attempt the rescue through the driver side door but was unable to reach the lock and handle. Without any rescue tools, BPA Leslie quickly searched the smoke-filled interior of the vehicle and located a bowling ball in the rear of the vehicle. BPA Leslie struck the driver side window several times with the bowling ball, eventually breaking it, and allowing him to unlock and open the door. Upon gaining access, BPA Leslie and one of the bystanders were able to pull the unconscious driver from the vehicle mere seconds before an explosion caused the vehicle to be fully engulfed in flames. His heroic selflessness, undaunted determination, and compassion bring great credit upon himself, his family, the Detroit Sector, and the U.S. Border Patrol. The driver is alive today as a direct result of BPA Leslie's tenacity and disregard for his own safety in the face of the extreme danger to himself. August 1 On August 1, 1799, Secretary of the Treasury Oliver Wolcott (1760-1833) issued a circular which outlined the basic elements of the design of the U.S. Customs ensign which is currently the CBP ensign. The circular directed that the ensign should contain "sixteen perpendicular stripes, alternate red and white, the Union of the Ensign to be the Arms of the United States, in dark blue, on a white field."
On August 1, 1924, Patrol Inspector in Charge of the Big Bend Sub-district, John F. Harn (1875-1955), requested permission to lease a two-room adobe house as the office quarters for the sub-district.
August 2 Line of Duty Death anniversary Augustin de la Peña Date of Birth: October 9, 1882 Entered on Duty: August 9, 1923 Title: Patrol Inspector End of Watch: August 2, 1925 Details: On August 2, 1925, Patrol Inspector Augustin De La Peña was shot and killed by an insane Mexican at Rio Grande City, Texas. While eating supper in a restaurant, the officer, accompanied by Patrol Inspector Fred Neale, noticed a Mexican enter the restaurant and get into an argument with the proprietor. It was later learned the Mexican's name was Macario Peña. The Mexican acted very peculiarly, and the officers noticed that he was armed with a revolver. After he left the restaurant, Patrol Inspector De La Peña decided to follow him and question him in regards to his immigration status. Inspector De La Peña followed him into the drug store and started to question him when the Mexican drew his revolver. The officer ordered him to drop the gun, but instead the Mexican fired the bullet struck De La Peña in the abdomen. Wounded, he attempted to take the revolver away from the Mexican. The two struggled behind a counter in the store, which made it impossible for others to assist. De La Peña became weakened by the loss of blood, and in order to protect others, drew his own revolver and shot the Mexican, killing him. Inspector De La Peña died on the operating table a few hours later. Survivor benefits - As per this document, his wife received $96.67 per month for her and their eight children. After 7 children turned 18, his wife received $65.25 per month for her and one child. The document states that after being shot, his last words were, "My poor family." Gravesite August 3 On August 3, 1961, a father and son hijacked an airplane that was en route to El Paso, Texas. The skyjacking ended when Border Patrol Agent Leonard Gilman (1918-2012) punched the father hard enough to knock him unconscious, breaking his hand, and FBI Special Agent Francis Crosby (1913-1974) took custody of the son.
"August 3, 1961, as a result of the swift actions of the Border Patrol and FBI in El Paso, TX, an attempt to hijack a plane to Cuba was thwarted. Following this attempted hijacking, President Kennedy announced on August 10, 1961 that Border Patrol Agents would be placed on commercial airlines to prevent future hijackings. Twelve hours later armed Border Patrol Agents were in the sky, the forerunners of the Sky Marshals." - Roger “Buck” Brandemuehl, Chief of the U.S. Border Patrol 1980-1986 (Retired)
Line of Duty Death anniversary Javier Vega, Jr. Date of Birth June 17, 1978 Entered on Duty: February 11, 2008 Title: Border Patrol Agent End of Watch: August 3, 2014 Details: On Sunday, August 3, 2014, Border Patrol Agent Javier Vega, Jr. was shot and killed near Santa Monica, Texas, as he attempted to take a law enforcement action during a robbery while he was fishing with his wife, children, and parents. Two illegal aliens approached them and attempted to rob them. Agent Vega was shot in the chest when he attempted to draw his weapon. His father was also shot and wounded as he returned fire at the men. Both men fled the scene, but were arrested a short time later. They were charged with capital murder, attempted capital murder, and other crimes. It is believed the same subjects had committed numerous similar robberies at the direction of a Mexican cartel. Both men had been previously deported numerous times. On September 20, 2016, it was determined that, in light of information identified during the intensive investigation completed by the Willacy County Sheriff s Department, Agent Vega's actions were indicative of his law enforcement training and that he instinctively reacted, placing himself in harm's way to stop a criminal act and protect the lives of others. His death was re-determined to have been in the line of duty. Agent Vega, who was 36 years old, entered on duty with the U.S. Border Patrol on February 11, 2008, as a member of Academy Class 745. Agent Vega was a U.S. Marine Corps veteran and had served with the United States Border Patrol for six years. He is survived by his wife, three children, parents and brother. Gravesite July 21 - July 27Welcome to another This Week in USBP History! This week we delve into pivotal moments that have defined our legacy. On July 21, 1924, recommendations were made for the promotion of three Patrol Inspectors in Charge, shaping the leadership structure of the Border Patrol. Fast forward to July 22, 1929, when a significant gunfight in El Paso, Texas, saw four Patrol Inspectors engage with alcohol smugglers in a 30-40 minute battle, resulting in five smugglers believed to have been killed. These events highlight the bravery and strategic decisions that have marked our history. We also honor the extraordinary heroism demonstrated by our agents. On July 22, 2009, Senior Patrol Agent Steven Kartchner rescued a woman and child trapped in the swift currents of the Kettle River. His quick thinking and courageous actions saved lives in a perilous situation. Additionally, on July 22, 2012, Supervisory Border Patrol Agent Eric Gough displayed remarkable bravery during an attack in Afghanistan, neutralizing the threat and providing critical medical aid to the wounded. Lastly, we pay tribute to the six fallen heroes who made the ultimate sacrifice this week. Their dedication and bravery are solemnly remembered and revered. Each story and action is a testament to the enduring spirit of the U.S. Border Patrol. There’s much more to uncover in this week’s rich history. Join us as we reflect on these and other significant events that continue to shape our mission and values. Enjoy and have a great week! Cliff P.S. - As an open and continuous invitation to current and former USBP employees, I am always accepting photos to post in the USBP Photo Galleries and in the Upholding Honor First pages. I sure would appreciate you visiting those pages and sending me anything that you think I could post (just send them to [email protected]). As always, make sure to explore all of the hyperlinks to the documents and pages. Finally, please forward this blog to whomever you think may enjoy it. THIS WEEK'S USBP ANNIVERSARIES AND MILESTONESJuly 21
On July 21, 1924, the Commissioner of Immigration for the Montreal District (District #1) wrote a memo to Commissioner-General that contained recommendations concerning the promotions of three people to the position of Patrol Inspectors in Charge (PAIC). The PAIC position would be renamed Chief Patrol Inspectors in 1926 and Chief Patrol Agents in 1970.
On July 21, 1926, the District Director of Denver sent the Commissioner-General a memo and a photograph pertaining to the Immigrant Inspector uniform.
On July 21, 1955, H.R. 7527 which would. "...provide for the acquisition of sites and the construction of buildings for a training school and for sector headquarters for the Immigration Border Patrol, and for other purposes."
July 22 On July 22, 1929, a significant gunfight occurred in El Paso, Texas, involving four Patrol Inspectors and alcohol smugglers. Five smugglers were believed to have been killed during the 30-40 minute battle. See this file for the documents reporting the shooting.
On July 22, 1934, the Chief Patrol Inspector of the Tucson Sub-district, Earl L. Falls (1894-1977) sent a memo and a photograph to the El Paso District Director Grover W. Wilmoth (1884-1951). The memo offered thanks for allowing Patrol Inspectors to forgo wearing boots or puttees and just wear trousers during hot weather. See the second page of the document for a photograph of an early, regional rough duty uniform. Also, stapled to the photograph was a swatch of the fabric used to make the trousers. Newton-Azrak Award action anniversary Steven Kartchner Senior Patrol Agent Spokane Sector Senior Patrol Agent Steven Kartchner was recognized for displaying true heroism in a harrowing emergency that nearly claimed two lives. On July 22, 2009, Agent Kartchner responded to an emergency dispatch call. A woman and a child who were rafting in the Kettle River near Danville, Washington were trapped in a pile of logs and debris by the riverbank. As Agent Kartchner made his way through the swift-moving water, he saw that the woman was pinned between two logs and was dangerously close to being pulled into the current and under the log jam. He first rescued the child. Then he returned to help the woman, lifted her from the tangled logs, and brought her to safety. July 22, 2011, “Leslie Lawson becomes the first GS-15 Patrol Agent in Charge upon assuming command of the Nogales Border Patrol Station in the Tucson Sector. Lawson led a force of over 700 agents and professional staff, making it the largest station in the U.S. Border Patrol at that time. The Nogales Station's workforce would eventually grow to over 1,100 employees. Lawson continued her distinguished career by being appointed as the DHS Attaché to Canada in October 2016.”
Newton-Azrak Award action anniversary Eric C. Gough - photo (1962-2023) Supervisory Border Patrol Agent Advanced Training Center Harpers Ferry, West Virginia On July 22, 2012, at approximately 7:00 p.m. in Herat, Afghanistan, an armed assailant, alleged to be an Afghan National Policeman, opened fire on government contractors and CBP personnel at the Herat Regional Training Center in Afghanistan. The assailant approached from a blind spot behind a vehicle and opened fire with an AK-47 assault rifle, killing two people immediately. As the assailant continued his attack, personnel attempted to take cover in a nearby bunker, and three additional people were shot, one fatally. Hearing the gunfire, Agent Eric Gough swiftly headed toward the location. As the assailant continued to fire, Agent Gough tactically approached and then stopped the threat by returning fire, which resulted in the death of the assailant. Upon stopping the threat, Agent Gough, also a Border Search Trauma and Rescue (BORSTAR) member, administered aid to the wounded. The combat medical care he provided to Border Management Task Force member Dana Hampton is credited with saving his life. Hampton was shot three times and was in critical condition, including a severe wound to the abdomen. Agent Gough stabilized Hampton’s injuries, assisted with transport, and remained with him until proper medical attention could be provided. In the course of the transport, Agent Gough had to overcome security obstacles caused by a lockdown of the compound and medical facility. Agent Gough’s perseverance and tenacity ensured that Dana Hampton was given proper medical care in a timely manner. U.S. Ambassador to Afghanistan Ryan Crocker lauded Agent Gough’s heroic actions and acknowledged that his decisiveness saved numerous lives. Additional accolades were received from the Department of Defense’s U.S. Central Command, Customs and Border Protection, and the Department of Homeland Security. Newton-Azrak Award action anniversary Steven H. Tinder Border Patrol Agent McAllen, Texas Justin L. Garza Border Patrol Agent McAllen, Texas Enrique A. Doster Jr. Border Patrol Agent McAllen, Texas On July 22, 2014, Border Patrol Agents Steven Tinder, Justin Garza, and Enrique Doster were conducting line watch operations in the McAllen Stations' area of responsibility. At approximately 4:40 p.m., sector radio communications reported shots fired and officers down in nearby La Joya, Texas. When the three agents arrived at the scene, they learned that the assailant had barricaded himself in a residence off of Leo Avenue. Multiple law enforcement officers and agents were taking cover in the "hot zone," and two police officers, who had been shot, had been extracted. From their position, the three agents observed a Hidalgo County Sheriff's deputy take cover behind his vehicle as the assailant fired multiple rounds in his direction. Immediately following the volley of shots, they saw the officer holding his rib cage as if in severe pain. They feared he had been shot, so they formulated an emergency evacuation plan and relayed their plan to other law enforcement agencies on the scene. Agent Doster then took position as the driver of the mobile evacuation vehicle. Agents Tinder and Garza placed themselves in the front and rear passenger side of the vehicle. While other law enforcement officers provided cover, the three Border Patrol agents placed their own lives in danger as Agent Doster drove them into the hot zone to extract the deputy. Agents Tinder and Garza exited the vehicle and assisted the deputy into the front passenger seat of the vehicle. Agent Garza re-entered the rear passenger side of the vehicle and Agent Tinder joined other law enforcement personnel in the hot zone to assist with providing cover. They transported the deputy to safety. He was treated at a local hospital for the cracked ribs he sustained when he dove for cover. Newton-Azrak Award action anniversary Anthony Anderson Border Patrol Agent Laredo, Texas Remigio Guerra III Border Patrol Agent Laredo, Texas On July 22, 2016, at approximately 12:15 a.m., Border Patrol Agents Anderson and Guerra responded to a responded sensor activation in the Zachary Ranch located in a remote area of Webb County, Texas. Upon arriving to the area close to the Rio Grande river landing, Anderson and Guerra set up a listening post/observation post in an area that provided tactical advantage. After a short time, they heard what appeared to be people splashing in the river. Anderson and Guerra approached the river landing and observed four subjects in the river that were having trouble staying afloat. The agents immediately accessed the situation and determined immediate action was needed. Anderson entered the swift moving current and pulled the four subjects to the riverbank and handed them to Guerra, who helped get the four subjects onto dry land. Anderson and Guerra rescued the four subjects, preventing them from drowning. The Zachary Ranch is located approximately 15 miles south of Laredo, Texas, on U.S. Highway 83. In addition to the long highway travel to get to the Zachary Ranch, you need to enter the ranch and travel approximately 2 miles on unimproved ranch roads just to get to the river’s edge making it an extended period of time before any help or assistance can arrive. Anderson and Guerra have proven to be a valuable asset to the Laredo South Station and should be recognized and commended for their heroic actions. The actions Anderson and Guerra took on July 22, 2016, serves as a reminder to all of us that we are all here to do our jobs regardless of the threat knocking at our door on a daily basis. Anderson and Guerra relied on their training, morals, and dedication to duty to properly manage the situation as it quickly unfolded. Their rapid assessment of the situation, quick, accurate response, and selfless actions prevented four individuals from drowning. These heroic actions far too often go unnoticed. These selfless actions make these agents stand out from their peers and should serve as an example to others and be rewarded. July 23 Line of Duty Death anniversary Donald Kee Date of Birth: July 29, 1912 Entered on Duty: July 31, 1944 Title: Patrol Inspector End of Watch: July 23, 1954 Gravesite William F. Buckelew Date of Birth: December 21, 1918 Entered on Duty: December 28, 1944 Title: Airplane Pilot End of Watch: July 23, 1954 Gravesite Patrol Inspector Donald Kee, born on July 29, 1912, and Airplane Pilot William F. Buckelew, born on December 21, 1918, were both serving on official detail with the Special Mobile Task Force headquartered in McAllen, Texas, at the time of their tragic deaths. Inspector Kee entered duty on July 31, 1944, and was stationed at Mission, Texas, while Pilot Buckelew, who joined on December 28, 1944, was stationed at Laredo, Texas. The task force they were part of was engaged in a special program to control the "wetback" situation. On July 23, 1954, during a joint operation with ground units checking laborers on farms near Rio Grande City, Texas, Inspector Kee served as an observer while Pilot Buckelew flew the aircraft. Their mission had successfully resulted in the apprehension of ten aliens by ground teams. However, after making a low pass over a cotton field near the Rio Grande River and banking to return, their aircraft was seen to spin and plunge into the river, bursting into flames upon impact. The ensuing fire severely hampered rescue operations by officers and bystanders. Several individuals were hospitalized with burns sustained during these efforts. Inspector Kee was killed instantly in the crash. Pilot Buckelew, though initially surviving the crash, succumbed to his injuries 45 minutes later at the hospital. The crash occurred around 4:00 p.m., approximately two miles downstream from the Rio Grande City Bridge. The deaths of Inspector Kee and Pilot Buckelew were a significant loss to the Border Patrol and highlighted the dangers faced by those working to secure the nation's borders. Their dedication to their duty and the tragic circumstances of their end of watch are deeply honored and remembered. Their gravesites stand as solemn reminders of their service and the ultimate sacrifice they made in the line of duty. Line of Duty Death anniversary/ Newton-Azrak Award action anniversary Robert W. Rosas, Jr. Date of Birth: June 19, 1979 Entered on Duty: May 22, 2006 Title: Border Patrol Agent End of Watch: July 23, 2009 San Diego Sector Gravesite Posthumously Awarded On July 23, 2009, Border Patrol Agent Robert W. Rosas Jr., assigned to the Campo Border Patrol Station in the San Diego Sector, tragically lost his life in the line of duty. Agent Rosas, a graduate of the 621st session of the Border Patrol Academy, was responding to suspicious activity in a remote border area near Campo, California, known for alien and drug smuggling. Agent Rosas exited his vehicle approximately 18 miles east of the Tecate Port of Entry, near the Shockey Truck Trail, a short distance from the border. Shortly after, agents working nearby heard gunshots. When attempts to contact Agent Rosas failed, his fellow agents rushed to his location, only to find his body on the ground near his vehicle. The investigation into Agent Rosas' murder led to the arrest and conviction of a 17-year-old Mexican national. On November 20, 2009, the individual was convicted of the murder of a federal officer committed in perpetration of a robbery and aiding and abetting a felony. According to the plea agreement, the convicted felon, along with co-conspirators, had illegally entered the United States with the intent to rob Agent Rosas. During the robbery, a struggle ensued over a firearm, resulting in Agent Rosas being shot multiple times by the defendant and possibly other co-conspirators. Agent Rosas succumbed to his wounds, marking a profound loss for the Border Patrol community. The death of Agent Rosas is a somber reminder of the dangers faced by those who serve to protect the nation's borders. His dedication to his duty and the circumstances of his tragic death are deeply honored and remembered. Agent Rosas' service and sacrifice continue to be a source of inspiration and respect within the Border Patrol and among all who knew him. July 24 On July 24, 1935, Chief of the Border Patrol Willard F. Kelly (1903-1969) wrote a memo to Patrol Inspector Charles Askins, Jr. (1907-1999) concerning developing a USBP shooting team to compete at Camp Perry, Ohio.
Newton-Azrak Award action anniversary Clifford A. Gill - photo, award set Border Patrol Agent Laredo Sector On the morning of July 24, 2000, near Laredo, Texas, Border Patrol Agent Clifford Gill demonstrated remarkable heroism and selflessness in the face of life-threatening danger. The Rio Grande was in flood, creating treacherous conditions for anyone attempting to cross. While trying to apprehend an individual who had illegally entered the United States, the person fled and jumped into the turbulent river. Agent Gill and his partner, Senior Patrol Agent Eric Perez, initially planned to intercept the individual by positioning themselves between him and the river. However, the individual spotted Agent Perez and, in a desperate attempt to evade capture, entered the water. Hearing the individual’s cries for help and recognizing the immediate danger, Agent Gill quickly handed his gun belt to Agent Perez and entered the water. The conditions in the flooded Rio Grande were perilous, with strong currents and murky waters. Despite the significant risk, Agent Gill swam toward the individual, who had become exhausted and submerged. Spotting a single air bubble, Agent Gill instinctively dove approximately five feet underwater and managed to grab the individual by the collar, pulling him to the surface. Throughout the rescue, Agent Gill faced immense challenges. Swimming in his uniform and boots, he was underwater approximately 75% of the time. Due to the risk of the victim panicking and grabbing hold of him, Agent Gill was unable to perform a standard cross-chest carry. Instead, he held the victim by the back of the collar, with his forearm along the victim’s spine. This made the swim far more difficult, as Agent Gill had to exert additional effort to keep both himself and the victim afloat while being frequently submerged. Upon reaching the muddy, root-filled bank, Agent Gill encountered further difficulty as the bank was nearly vertical. Using the roots and his foothold in the muddy bank, he managed to secure himself and the individual, pulling them both to safety. Agent Perez, who had lost sight of them during the rescue, coordinated with Agent Gill to navigate the steep bank. Their efforts were immediately followed by the arrival of medical personnel, who provided necessary care to the rescued individual. In recognition of his heroic actions on July 24, 2000, Agent Clifford Gill was honored with the Newton-Azrak Award in 2020 for his exceptional bravery, performing beyond the call of duty while facing grave danger. July 25 Line of Duty Death anniversary William Llonzo “Lon” Parker Date of Birth: April 26, 1892 Entered on Duty: September 26, 1924 Title: Patrol Inspector End of Watch: July 25, 1926 Details: Patrol Inspector Lon Parker was killed in a battle with alien liquor smugglers 2 1/2 miles south of Wills Ranch, west of the Huachuca Mountains, in Arizona, on July 25, 1926. Late that afternoon he left camp alone to take up the trail of mounted liquor smugglers. Tracks of a man and a horse had been discovered with evidence that the man had ridden the horse where the terrain was smooth and walked over rough places, indicating that the horse was loaded with liquor or other contraband. Nothing was heard from Inspector Parker until the Wills family returned to their ranch at about 6:00 p.m. the same day, and found him on their wood pile dying from a gunshot wound. He had been shot in the back with a rifle bullet. He died within a few minutes without regaining consciousness. During the investigation, the body of a Mexican was found about 2 1/2 miles from the Wills' home. The Mexican was identified as Artilio Espinosa, a well-known smuggler. Espinosa's horse, with 20 gallons of mescal in cans strapped on his back, was found dead of a bullet wound. From the tracks in the area and the position of Espinosa and his horse, the investigating officers theorized that Espinosa was accompanied by another smuggler. Officer Parker rode up to Espinosa, covered him with a pistol and was shot by Espinosa's companion, who had been riding at some distance, for the purpose of protecting Espinosa and the liquor. Inspector Parker, though mortally wounded, retained sufficient command of himself to kill Espinosa and his horse, using only one shot for each, and then rode 2 1/2 miles to Wills Ranch, where he collapsed. Survivor benefits - As per this document, his wife received $52.50 per month. Gravesite On July 25, 1928, Chief of the Border Patrol Ruel E. Davenport (1878-1961) wrote a memo to the Commissioner-General concerning the hiring and pay for USBP mechanics. The memo suggested that the starting pay for mechanics be set at $2,000 per year. July 25, 2004, “After several years of being drawn down by attrition, the Livermore Border Patrol Sector is officially closed.”
Newton-Azrak Award action anniversary Salvatore Caccamo Border Patrol Agent Buffalo Sector Raul Tamayo Border Patrol Agent Buffalo Sector On July 25, 2010, Border Patrol Agents (Marine) Salvatore Caccamo and Raul Tamayo were conducting Riverine patrol operations on the Lower Niagara River in the Niagara Falls area of responsibility within Buffalo Sector. At about 1830 hours, the agents heard a MAYDAY call over the marine radio. Earlier in the day, a Canadian family of four and a family friend had ventured onto a calm Lake Ontario in a 24-foot vessel for a pleasure cruise. As the afternoon progressed, a strong wind began building, quickly changing the nature of the lake. Sudden changes in weather and lake conditions are a frequent hazard on the Great Lakes, contributing to an estimated six to ten thousand shipwrecks and great loss of life in the time since sailing began on the lakes. The family struggled to maintain control of their boat as Lake Ontario quickly turned treacherous with four to five foot breakers. Their small vessel began to take on water and founder in the unforgiving wind and waves, causing one of the occupants to give the universal MAYDAY call of a vessel in distress. Knowing the treacherous conditions on the Lake, and without hesitation, Agents Caccamo and Tamayo responded to the distress call, communicating with the boaters as they expressed their concern that their boat would sink in short order. The Canadians’ boat was about one mile from the mouth of the Niagara River on Lake Ontario. Disregarding the perilous conditions, the agents demonstrated exceptional bravery and entered the swells and breakers on their 25-foot government vessel, in a desperate search for the sinking boat and the civilians. The white-capped waves made the search difficult, however the agents were able to spot the vessel at some distance, and as they approached, they saw that it was in danger of capsizing, the occupants near panic. Demonstrating superb skill and extreme courage, Agent Caccamo maneuvered the Border Patrol vessel close to the sinking boat, despite the violent pitching of the two vessels in the rolling waves and breakers. At the same time, Agent Tamayo was perilously located on the rear of the pitching Government vessel in order to affect the rescue, in constant danger of being thrown overboard into the violent lake and being crushed between the two vessels. The agents timed the movement of the two vessels and Agent Tamayo was able to pull the three children from the already half-sunken civilian boat, onto the government vessel. Almost immediately after rescuing the children, the civilian boat began to sink at a greater rate, forcing the agents to maneuver away from its immediate proximity. The adults were forced into the water, and Agent Tamayo threw them a rescue line. One of the adults panicked, and tied the rescue line to his sinking vessel, which threatened to pull the government vessel under the surface of Lake Ontario with it. Reacting quickly, Agent Tamayo cut the rescue line. Agent Caccamo then skillfully maneuvered the government vessel in the treacherous waters so that Agent Tamayo could pull the two adults aboard, just as their boat disappeared below the waves. Line of Duty Death anniversary Agustin Aguilar, Jr. Date of Birth: September 13, 1973 Entered on Duty: April 16, 2001 Title: Border Patrol Agent End of Watch: July 25, 2020 Details: Border Patrol Agent Agustin Aguilar Jr. passed away on July 25, 2020. The circumstances of his passing were reviewed by an executive panel and the CBP Commissioner who agreed that this death occurred in the line of duty. Agent Aguilar will be remembered for his diligent service to the nation and for his bravery in the face of danger. Agent Aguilar served as a canine instructor and handler assigned to the Eagle Pass South Station, Del Rio Sector, Texas. He started his CBP career on April 16, 2001 and served in Eagle Pass and Eagle Pass South for his entire career. BPA Aguilar was from Lufkin, Texas, and was the eldest of 11 siblings. He was a scoutmaster for the Boy Scouts of America, and regularly coached Little League Baseball and football. He is survived by his wife, three children, his mother and father and siblings. Gravesite July 26 Echoing the concern of many Immigration Service leaders that Patrol Inspectors needed uniforms, on July 26, 1924, Seattle District Commissioner of Immigration Luther Weedin (1872-1942) wrote a memo that stated in part:
July 26, 1997, “As part of the next phase of the Southwest Border Strategy, manpower in the Rio Grande Valley and South Texas was enhanced beginning with the McAllen Sector. On July 26, 1997, INS Commissioner Meissner would kick off Operation Rio Grande in Brownsville, Texas, as an enhanced enforcement effort to gain measurable control of specified border areas in order to achieve a positive impact on the quality of life within those areas. As part of Operation Rio Grande, Texas and New Mexico were divided into three main corridors encompassing five Sectors: McAllen/Laredo, Del Rio/Marfa, and El Paso. Each would see an influx of manpower, infrastructure, and technology.”
Line of Duty Death anniversary Eric N. Cabral Date of Birth: June 27, 1976 Entered on Duty: September 25, 2005 Title: Border Patrol Agent End of Watch: July 26, 2007 Details: On July 26, 2007, Border Patrol Agent Eric Cabral suffered a fatal heart attack as the result of heat exposure when he and another agent were tracking a group of illegal aliens north of I-8 near Jacumba, California. He had been separated from his partner when a third agent found him. Agents initiated CPR and emergency medical services were rendered. Agent Cabral was flown to a hospital in San Diego, where he was pronounced dead. Agent Cabral had served with the Border Patrol for less than two years. Gravesite July 27 On July 27, 1939, a report was written concerning, "...official badges issued to (1) Immigrant Inspectors, (2) Patrol Inspectors, (3) Senior Patrol Inspectors, (4) Chief Patrol Inspectors, (5) Clerks, (6) Interpreters, (7) Guards, (8) Matrons, (9) Janitors, (10) Matrons, (11) Department of Justice, (12) Central Officer Employees & Officers, which have not been listed in the inventories received from the field in response to Central Office letter of January 18, 1939, No. 55853/100."
On July 27, 1958, Acting Chief of the Border Patrol Donald R. Kelly wrote a memo to Frank Huber Partridge (1893-1994) concerning "Proposed Border Fence in the San Antonio District" which covers modern-day Del Rio, Laredo and Rio Grande Valley Sectors. The memo concerned building fencing in the areas of Brownsville and Hidalgo. July 14 - July 20Welcome to another This Week in USBP History! This week we delve into moments of bravery, dedication, and profound sacrifice. From Irving F. Wixon’s encouragement of Patrol Inspectors’ marksmanship in 1933 to the tragic loss of Air Operation Supervisor David F. Roberson in 1989, these stories highlight the valor and resilience of our agents. We also revisit significant operations like the third phase of Operation Wetback in 1954 and the first Border Patrol Air Transport overseas deportation flight in 1955. Join us as we commemorate the heroics of agents like Guadalupe Chacon and Elizabeth Ebisuzaki, who rescued individuals from a burning vehicle in 1997, and the founding of the USBP Pipes and Drums Unit in 2007. This week’s history is a testament to the unwavering commitment of those who serve. Dive into these compelling narratives and more in this week’s blog. Don’t miss these powerful stories that shaped the legacy of the U.S. Border Patrol. Enjoy and have a great week! Cliff P.S. - As an open and continuous invitation to current and former USBP employees, I am always accepting photos to post in the USBP Photo Galleries and in the Upholding Honor First pages. I sure would appreciate you visiting those pages and sending me anything that you think I could post (just send them to [email protected]). As always, make sure to explore all of the hyperlinks to the documents and pages. Finally, please forward this blog to whomever you think may enjoy it. THIS WEEK'S USBP ANNIVERSARIES AND MILESTONESJuly 14
On July 14, 1933, Irving F. Wixon (1884-1962) wrote a memo to the Jacksonville District Director, not only giving permission for Patrol Inspectors to participate in local shooting competitions, but encouraging their participation. By Wixon's response, the District Director was concerned that by competing, Patrol Inspectors may indiscriminately use their firearms. See the quote below (emphasis added):
July 14, 1961, “The U.S. Border Patrol Academy moves to Los Fresnos, Texas. Session 78 is the first to graduate.”
Line of Duty Death anniversary David F. Roberson Date of Birth: January 9, 1941 Entered on Duty: April 11, 1966 Title: Air Operation Supervisor End of Watch: July 14, 1989 Details: On July 14, 1989, Pilot David F. Roberson departed the Marine Corps Air Station, Yuma, Arizona, at 5:50 a.m., in Service aircraft N29162. Shortly after takeoff, he responded to a request for assistance in the Yuma freight yards where Border Patrol units were conducting freight train check operations. At 6:10 a.m., Pilot Roberson departed the freight yard area and proceeded south to County 23rd and Avenue 2E to assist ground units in working a trail of three aliens. Upon arrival, Pilot Roberson commenced “sign cutting” while maintaining radio contact with Senior Patrol Agent David Ramirez and Patrol Agent Rosendo Guillen, who were working in the immediate area on the trail. At 6:24 a.m., Pilot Roberson stalled the aircraft and crashed. The aircraft was destroyed by the impact and post-crash fire. Pilot Roberson died instantly. Gravesite July 15 On July 15, 1931, in an ongoing correspondence with the National Rifle Association (NRA), Commissioner-General Harry E. Hull (1864-1938) sent a response of appreciation.
On July 15, 1932, El Paso District Director Grover W. Wilmoth (1884-1951) sent a memo concerning the retirement of the famed Jefferson Davis Milton (1861-1947). The last page of the five documents outlines his federal career. Debunking decades of Border Patrol folklore, the outline clearly shows that Milton was neither a Patrol Inspector nor a member of the Border Patrol:
The third phase of Operation Wetback began on July 15, 1954, with Patrol Inspectors conducting illegal alien sweeps in Utah, Nevada, and Idaho. At the same time, Patrol Inspectors were deployed to Chicago to conduct additional sweeps.
On July 15, 1955, the Attorney General wrote a letter to the Speaker of the House concerning a bill to fund the purchase and construction of a new Border Patrol Training facility. At the time of the writing, Patrol Inspectors were being trained in buildings located in Fort Bliss that had been constructed 15 years earlier and abandoned by the U.S. Army.
Theodore L. Newton, Jr., and George F. Azrak Border Patrol Station - On July 15, 2008, the designation would be approved with Public Law 110- 264 by the 110th Congress, signed by President George W. Bush, making Murrieta Station (formerly Temecula Station) the first to be officially named for a Border Patrol Inspector/Agent.
July 16 July 16, 1955, “The first Border Patrol Air Transport overseas deportation flight departed Miami, Florida, with stops in the Caribbean, Central America, and South America.”
Newton-Azrak Award action anniversary Guadalupe Chacon Senior Patrol Agent San Diego Sector Elizabeth M. Ebisuzaki Border Patrol Agent San Diego Sector On July 16, 1997, Senior Patrol Agent Guadalupe Chacon and Border Patrol Agent Elizabeth Ebisuzaki had initiated an immigration stop on a car. The car failed to yield and the pursuit was terminated. A few moments later, the vehicle was found on the shoulder of the road. As the agents pulled over, several people fled from the car into the heavy brush. After returning to the car with apprehensions, the agents noticed smoke coming from the engine compartment. They were then informed that there were four people locked in the trunk. Flames and acrid smoke quickly filled that passenger compartment. Agent Ebisuzaki attempted to fight the fire and open the trunk with a crowbar. Simultaneously, Agent Chacon was able to pry off the back seat and rescue the four from the trunk. July 17 On July 17, 1930, Chief of the Border Patrol Ruel E. Davenport (1878-1961) wrote a memo to the Commissioner-General recommending equipment approvals for the Montreal District. On July 17, 1941, the first of three escape attempts were detected at the Fort Lincoln Alien Detention Center when a truck carrying construction material sank into the ground up to its axle and revealed a tunnel running from the kitchen of the mess hall to within 70 feet of the fence.
On July 17, 1978, Border Patrol Agents Al Bose and Bruce LaBelle assigned to the Swanton Sector apprehended Kristina BERSTER, an associate member of the Baader-Meinhof Gang (Red Army Faction) terrorist organization. BERSTER was apprehended while illegally crossing the border from Canada into Vermont. BERSTER was wanted by the German government as a suspect in a series of bombings, bank robberies, kidnappings, and hijackings. BERSTER was the subject of an INTERPOL Red Notice, its highest alert for an international fugitive.
July 18 Today marks a quiet day in USBP history. July 19 July 19, 2007, “The U.S. Border Patrol Pipes and Drums Unit is formally established following the dissolution of the USBP National Bagpipe Team and Sector pipe bands from Tucson, Del Rio, Laredo, and Rio Grande Valley.”
Newton-Azrak Award action anniversary Christopher J. Dlugokinski - photo, photo Border Patrol Agent Houlton Sector Michael Mielnicki - photo Border Patrol Agent Houlton Sector Gabriel Pratt Border Patrol Agent Houlton Sector Erich S. Rohr - photo Supervisory Border Patrol Agent Houlton Sector Abraham Reeder - photo Border Patrol Agent Houlton Sector Border Patrol Agent Christopher J. Dlugokinski, along with Border Patrol Agents Gabriel Pratt, Michael Mielnicki, Abraham Reeder and Supervisory Border Patrol Agent Erich S. Rohr, received the Newton-Azrak Award for the bravery they displayed during the Mahaney rescue efforts on July 19, 2011, in Jackman, Maine. The Mahaney family’s home was virtually destroyed by a truck carrying a full load of tree-length logs that flipped over on its side, crashing into the two-story residence in which the family of six slept. Agents disregarded their own safety as they courageously crawled and dug through the wreckage and rubble during the unsuccessful attempt to rescue Border Patrol Agent Mahaney’s 5-year-old son Liam. Line of Duty Death anniversary James R. Dominguez Date of Birth April 5, 1971 Entered on Duty: May 7, 2000 Title: Border Patrol Agent End of Watch: July 19, 2012 Details: On July 19, 2012, Border Patrol Agent James R. Dominguez succumbed to injuries received when he was struck by a passing vehicle along Highway 90 near Cline, Texas. At the time of the accident, Agent Dominguez was on duty. Agent Dominguez, age 41, entered on duty with the U.S. Border Patrol on May 7, 2000, as a member of the 434th session of the Border Patrol Academy. Upon graduating from the Academy, he was assigned to the Uvalde Station in the Del Rio Sector. Agent Dominguez is survived by his wife and four children. Gravesite July 20 On July 20, 1928, El Paso District Director Grover W. Wilmoth (1884-1951) sent a package of documents to the Commissioner-General describing a shooting that had occurred on the 17th and left one person dead. Chief Patrol Inspector Herbert Horsley (1878-1962) interviewed Patrol Inspector William A. Holt (1881-1950) and Patrol Inspector Herschel W. Patterson. Line of Duty Death anniversary Ivan E. Scotten Date of Birth: June 17, 1903 Entered on Duty: October 29, 1928 Title: Patrol Inspector End of Watch: July 20, 1929 Historic photograph of the scene of the shooting. Details: Patrol Inspector Ivan E. Scotten was shot and killed in the early morning of July 20, 1929. Scotten and three other Patrol Inspectors were ambushed by approximately 15 to 20 smugglers while patrolling at the upper Los Pompos crossing on the Rio Grande River, near San Elizario, Texas. The smugglers, who had come off second best in a brush with Patrol Inspectors earlier in the night, saw the lights of the returning patrol car, crossed the river to the American side, and hid themselves in the brush at the side of the narrow road along an irrigation ditch that the road crossed. They opened fire on the patrol car from two sides at almost point blank range, killing Scotten before the other officers succeeded in driving them off. One of the smugglers fired a shot through Scotten's head while Scotten lay wounded in the road. Survivor benefits - As per this document, his mother receive $18.75 per month. Gravesite On July 20, 1952, former Chief of the Border Patrol Willard F. Kelly (1903-1969) was reassigned/promoted as Assistant Commissioner, Border Patrol, Detention, and Deportation Division. He had been serving in the role of Assistant Commissioner for the Enforcement Division since 1949.
USBP Purple Cross Recipient - Border Patrol Agent Gerald Wilke, near Calexico, California, July 20, 1992, for wounds sustained during the performance of his official duties as a Border Patrol Agent on July 20, 1992, near Calexico, California, while engaged in a near death-struggle with an illegal alien. Throughout this harrowing ordeal Agent Wilke exhibited exemplary inner strength and courage, which were in keeping with the finest traditions of, and reflect highly upon, the United States Border Patrol.
Newton-Azrak Award action anniversary Jason Robbins - photo Border Patrol Agent Imperial Beach Station San Diego Sector On July 20, 2021, at 9:08 p.m., Border Patrol Agent Jason Robbins was reporting for duty. BPA Robbins observed a man on a motorcycle collide into a semi-truck on Interstate 805. BPA Robbins parked his vehicle on the freeway, turned on his hazard lights, and called 911. BPA Robbins attempted to pull the man to safety but failed as he was nearly struck by a vehicle that ran over the man’s leg. Agent Robbins, beyond the call of duty, while facing grave danger, ran back onto the freeway, and pulled the man to safety. The man suffered multiple injuries but is still alive due to the swift and selfless actions of BPA Robbins. Agent Robbins' actions brought great credit upon himself and the United States Border Patrol. |
Clifford GillBlog author, retired U.S. Border Patrol Assistant Chief and, current U.S. Border Patrol employee advocate. Ray HarrisSite founder and owner, former Supervisory Border Patrol Agent and retired Immigration Special Agent. Joseph BancoU.S. Border Patrol historian and retired Deputy Chief Patrol Agent. Archives
September 2024
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